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General Biology > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

a Dutch naturalist and craftsman, is known to have made over 500 microscopes.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723),

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2
Q

proposed that all plants are made up of cells.

A

Mathias Schleiden

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3
Q

observed and proposed that all animals are also made up of cells.

A

Theodor Schwann

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4
Q

The term cell was first introduced in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

identified a darkly staining structure at the center of every cell he observed. He referred to such structure as the nucleus.

A

Robert Brown

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6
Q

All cells are composed of a living substance called the protoplasm

A

Cell Structure and Organization

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7
Q

Also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma. This is a double-layered membrane that encloses the cell.

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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8
Q

is an additional boundary. The __ of plant is a very tough substance made up of cellulose, which provides support and protection to the cell from injury.

A

CELL WALL

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9
Q

Inside the cell membrane and surrounding the nucleus is a part of the protoplasm.
Site where cellular processes occur

A

CYTOPLASM

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10
Q

darkly staining part of the protoplasm enclosed by a membrane called nuclear membrane or nuclear envelop
Dona storage and transfer of genetic materials

A

NUCLEUS

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11
Q

small, double-membrane, spherical or sausages haped organelles involved in the production of energy.

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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12
Q

Are double-membrane organelles found in plant cells, some protozoans, and bacteria. It is involved in the manufacture of food (photosynthesis).

A

PLASTIDS

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13
Q

Are small granular structures made up of RNA and proteins.
protein photosynthesis

A

RIBOSOMES

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14
Q

is a membranous structure forming a network of canals where proteins and other molecules are being transported.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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15
Q

This is another membranous organelle forming a structure of a stack of flattened sacs located very close to the endoplasmic reticulum. It looks like a maze with water droplets splashing off it.

A

GOLGI APPARATUS OR GOLGI COMPLEX

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16
Q

lack a true nucleus while eukaryotes possess a true nucleus. __ contain genetic material (DNA) arranged in a single circular structure found in the nucleoid region they lack membrane-bound organelles.

A

PROKARYOTES

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17
Q

Different Types of Cells in the body

A

STEM CELL
BLOOD CELLS
FAT CELLS
SKIN CELLS
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
NERVE CELLS
SEX CELLS
CANCER CELLS

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18
Q

Unique cells of the body, they have the ability to develop into specialized cells for specific organs or to develop into tissues.

A

STEM CELLS

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19
Q

transporting oxygen throughout the body to fighting infection, cells of the blood are vital to life.

A

BLOOD CELLS

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20
Q

Also called adipocytes, are the major cell component of adipose tissue. Adipocytes contain droplets of stored fat (triglycerides) that can be used for energy.

A

FAT CELLS

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21
Q

composed of a layer of epithelial tissue (epidermis) that is supported by a layer of connective tissue (dermis) and an underlying subcutaneous layer.

A

SKIN CELLS

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22
Q

forms the inner lining of cardiovascular system and lymphatic system structures. These cells make up the inner layer of blood vessels.

A

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

23
Q

neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. __ send signals among the brain, spinal cord, and other body organs via nerve impulses.

A

NERVE CELLS

24
Q

reproductive cells are also called gametes.

A

SEX CELLS

25
Q

results from the development of abnormal properties in normal cells that enable them to divide uncontrollably and spread to other locations.

A

CANCER CELLS

26
Q

results in the production of daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

A

MEIOSIS

27
Q

Cell Cycle

A

MITOSIS
MEIOSIS

28
Q

a type of cell division in which the nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei with identical genetic material.

A

MITOSIS

29
Q

Major events during the interphase:

A

G1 (Growth 1) Phase
S (Synthesis) Phase
G2 (Growth 2) Phase

30
Q

cell cycle at this stage is still young and it undergoes rapid growth

A

G1 (Growth 1) Phase

31
Q

The DNA, the main composition of the chromosomes inside the nucleus of the cell, doubles at this stage by a process called replication

A

S (Synthesis) Phase

32
Q

Preparations for cell division

A

G2 (Growth 2) Phase

33
Q

4 Stages of Mitosis

A

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

34
Q

long and thread-like chromatids during the interphase start to coil at this stage and become visible under a compound microscope as individual chromosomes.

A

PROPHASE

35
Q

Chromosomes move and align themselves at the center of the cell called __ plate.

A

METAPHASE

36
Q

sister chromatids of each chromosome divide and move toward opposite poles due to the shortening of the spindle fibers.

A

ANAPHASE

37
Q

chromatids (now called chromosomes) are located on opposite poles.

A

TELOPHASE

38
Q

Meiosis is the main event involved in the process of gamete formation called gametogenesis.

A
39
Q

gamete formation in females is called __.

A

oogenesis

40
Q

Gamete formation in males is called __

A

spermatogenesis

41
Q

If meiosis does not occur properly, an egg or sperm could end up with too many chromosomes, or not enough chromosomes. Upon fertilization, the baby could then receive an extra chromosome ((
TRISOMY), or have a missing chromosome (MONOSOMY).

A
42
Q

Multicellular unit of life or fundamental unit of life

A

Cell

43
Q

States that all organism are composed of cell

A

Cell theory

44
Q

One of the basic principle of Biology

A

Cell theory

45
Q

Cell in plants only

A

Cell wall
Chloroplast
Central vacuole

46
Q

Cell in animal only

A

Lysosome
Centrosome

47
Q

3 types based on the membrane

A

Organelles without membrane
Single-layer membrane organelles
Two fold layer membrane organelles

48
Q

Organelles without membrane

A

Cell wall
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton

49
Q

Are non-membrane cell organelles . They are both present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Organelles without membrane

50
Q

Single layer membrane organelles

A

Vacuoles
Golgi-apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum

51
Q

Two fold membrane organelles

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast

52
Q

Covered via 2 layers

A

Two fold membrane organelles

53
Q

All these membrane are cover via one layer

A

Single layer membrane organelles

General Biology (1 decks)

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