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Biology: 3.2.1: Cell Structure > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Structure within a cell that has a particular function or job

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1
Q

What is the structure and function of mitochondria?

A
  • Site of ATP production
  • Double membraned
  • Inner membrane folds to form cristae
  • Fluid inside known as the matrix
  • Enzymes required for respiration are found in mitochondria
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2
Q

What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

A
  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Can be free or embedded in the RER
  • Made of RNA + protein and are made in the nucleus
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3
Q

What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?

A
  • Double membraned
  • Inner fluid is called the stroma
  • Have membrane sacs called thylakoids which stack to form granum
  • Contain DNA and ribosomes so three can quickly manufacture proteins needed for photosynthesis
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4
Q

What is the structure and function of the vacuole?

A
  • Fluid filled sacs bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast
    Functions:
  • Allow cells to be turgid
  • Sugars and amino acids act as a temporary food store
  • Pigments may colour petals —> attract pollinating insects
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5
Q

What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

A
  • A double membrane protecting the contents of the nucleus from damage in the cytoplasm
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6
Q

What is the structure and function of the nuclear pore?

A

Allows substances to move in and out
Mainly RNA as DNA is too big

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7
Q

What is the structure and function of chromatin?

A
  • DNA wrapped around proteins called histone
  • Later condenses to form chromosomes
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8
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

A
  • Area in the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes, composed of proteins and RNA
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9
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

A
  • Acts as the control centre of the cell through mRNA and tRNA
  • Manufactures ribosomes
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10
Q

What is the structure and function of ER?

A
  • Network of flattened sacs known as cisternae
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11
Q

What is the structure and function of RER?

A
  • Main site of protein synthesis
  • Rough texture due to ribosomes embedded in the membrane
  • RER synthesis proteins and glycoproteins
  • Provides transport pathways
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12
Q

What is the structure and function of SER?

A
  • Smooth due to absence of ribosomes
  • Synthesises and stores lipids and carbohydrates
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13
Q

What is the structure and function of vesicles?

A
  • Membrane bound sacs used for storage and transport in the cell
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14
Q

What is the structure and function of golgi apparatus?

A
  • More compact than SER
  • Proteins and packaged and modified into vesicles to be transported out of the cell
    E.G:
  • Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins
  • Produces secretory enzymes
  • Secretes carbs
  • Transports, modifies, store lipids
  • Form lysosomes
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15
Q

What is the structure and function of lysosomes?

A
  • Formed when vesicles produced by golgi apparatus contain hydrolytic enzymes
  • Break down waste materials
  • Used in phagocytosis of pathogens
  • Release enzymes outside of cell
  • Breaks down dead cells
    They are abundant in secretory cells and phagocytic cells
16
Q

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Network of fibres in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that controls cell structure and movement
17
Q

What is the structure and function of microtubules?

A
  • Acts as a scaffold within the cell, dictating shape and transport system for movement of organelles and vesicles
18
Q

What do intermediate fibres do?

A

Provide mechanical strength

19
Q

What is the structure and function of centrioles?

A
  • Found in most eukaryotic cells apart from flowering plants and fungi
  • Made of microtubules, 2 form a centrosome which is required for spindle organisation
20
Q

What is division of labour?

A

Specialised function of cell organelles that work together to ensure cells can survive and perform their functions efficiently

Biology: 3.2.1: Cell Structure (4 decks)

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