Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
-largest organelle
-surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
-has pores called nuclear pores
-contains genetic information for the cell
-it also contains the nucleolus
Nucleolus
-produces ribosomes
-produces RNA
Ribosomes
-site of protein synthesis
-the type found in eukaryotic cells are 80S
-the type found in prokaryotic cells are 70S
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
-made from flattened sacs of membrane (cisternae)
-it also has ribosomes dotted along the surface, as it is involved in protein synthesis
-usually found around the nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
-same structure as RER but without ribosomes
-involved in producing lipids
Mitochondria
-site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
Centrioles
-bundles of microtubules
-used when the cell divides
-they move to the poles of the cells and produce spindle fibres that will pull sister chromatids apart
Lysosomes
-contains digestive enzymes
-used for breaking down old organelles
Golgi apparatus
-stacks of membrane bound sheets
-modifies proteins and releases them in a vesicle to be transported around the body
Cell wall
-provides strength and support
-made up of a few layers including the middle lamella that contains pectins
-either made from cellulose or peptidogylcan
Chloroplast
-contains chlorophyll required for photosynthesis
Vacuole
-filled with cell sap
-used to maintain structure and for storage
Capsule
-protects bacterium from drying out or being discovered by the immune system
Mesosome
-same function as mitochondria
Nucleoid
-DNA strand
-free in the cytoplasm
