Organelles Flashcards
define a Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animals and plant cells, as well as in algae and fungi
define a prokaryotic cell
prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e.g. bacteria
state all the organelles in an animal cell
Plasma membrane
rough endoplasmic reticulum
nucleolus
nucleus
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
ribosome
nuclear envelope
golgi apparatus
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
what extra organelles do a plant cell have
a cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
a vacuole
chloroplast
how are Algal cells like plant cells
they have all the same organelles including a cell wall and chloroplast
how are fungal cells different to plant cells
their cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose
they don’t have chloroplasts because they don’t photosynthesise
does Algae carry out photosynthesis
Yes
but can be single-celled or multicellular.
describe a cell-surface (plasma) membrane
the membrane found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of other cells.
is made mainly of lipids and proteins
explain the function of a cell-surface (plasma) membrane
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
it also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
describe the nucleus
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane), which contains many pores.
the nucleus contains chromosomes which are made from protein-bound linear DNA and one or more structures called nucleolus
explain the function of a nucleus
the nucleus controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA.
DNA contains instructions to make proteins
the pores allow substances ( e.g. RNA) to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
the nucleolus makes ribosomes
describe the mitochondrion
they’re usually oval-shaped.
they have a double membrane- the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae.
inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration
explain the function of mitochondrion
the site of aerobic respiration,
where ATP is produced.
They’re found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy
describe Chloroplast
a small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
its surrounded by a double membrane, and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes.
these membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast in from grana.
Grana are linked together by lamellae- thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
Explain the function of chloroplast
the site where photosynthesis takes place.
some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana, and other parts happen in the stroma ( a thick fluid found in chloroplasts
