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Biology > Organelle structure and function > Flashcards

Organelle structure and function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell surface membrane is also known as?

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

Where is the cell surface membrane found?

A

On the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of other cells

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3
Q

What is the cell surface membrane made of?

A

Lipids and Proteins

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4
Q

What is the function of cell surface membrane?

A

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

It also has receptors molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

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5
Q

What do the receptor molecules on the cell-surface membrane do?

A

Allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

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6
Q

What is the structure of a Nucleus?

A

A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane), which contains many pores

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7
Q

What two structures do nucleus also contain?

A

Chromosones and Nucleolus

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8
Q

What is the function of a Nucleus?

A

The nucleus controls the cell’s activities (by controlling the transcription of DNA)

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9
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Instruction to make protein

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10
Q

What is the function of pores?

A

allow substances (e.g. RNA) to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Makes ribosomes

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12
Q

What is the structure of Mitochondria?

A

They’re usually oval-shaped.

They have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae.

The inside is called matrix

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13
Q

What does matrix contain?

A

It contain enzymes involved in respiration

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14
Q

What is the function of Mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration

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15
Q

What does aerobic respiration produce?

A

ATP

which is a common energy source in the cell

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16
Q

Where are large numbers of mitochondria found?

A

Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy

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17
Q

Where are chloroplast found?

A

In plant cells and algal

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18
Q

What is the structure of chloroplast?

A

A small flattened structure which is surrounded by a double membrane

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19
Q

What are membranes found inside chloroplast called?

A

Thylakoid membranes

20
Q

What are stacked up thylakoid called?

A

Grana

21
Q

How are grana linked together?

A

By thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane called lamellae

22
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

23
Q

What part of the chloroplast does photosynthesis happen?

A

Ganna and stroma

24
Q

What is the structure of Golgi apparatus?

A

A group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs.

Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs

25
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

It processes and packages new lipids and proteins.

It also makes lysosomes

26
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi vesicle?

A

A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus

27
Q

What is a Golgi vesicle produced by?

A

The Golgi apparatus

28
Q

What is the function of the Gogli vesicle?

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transport them out of the cell

29
Q

What is a type of golgi vesicle?

A

Lysosome

30
Q

What is the structure of Lysosome?

A

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane,with no clear internal structure

31
Q

Whst does the the lysosome contain?

A

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes

These are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane

32
Q

What can lysozymes be used for?

A

To digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.

33
Q

What is the structure of Ribosomes?

A

A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

It’s not surrounded by a membrane

34
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

Prtoteins and RNA

35
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

36
Q

What is the structure of Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes.

37
Q

What is the function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.

38
Q

What is the structure Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space.

Unlike RER it has no ribosomes on the surface.

39
Q

What is the function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids.

40
Q

Where is the cell wall found?

A

plants, algae, fungi

41
Q

What is the structure of cell wall?

A

A rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi

42
Q

What is cell wall in plants and algae made of?

A

carbohydrate cellulose

43
Q

What is the cell wall in fungi made of?

A

Chitin

44
Q

What is the structure of the cell vacuole?

A

A membrane-bound organelle is found in the cytoplasm.

It contains cell sap

45
Q

What is cell sap?

A

A weak solution of sugar and salts

46
Q

What is the surrounding membane of teh cell vacuole called?

A

Tonoplast

47
Q

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

A

Helps maintains pressure in the cell and keep the cell from going rigid (this stops plant from wilting).

It’s also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell

Biology (3 decks)

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