organelle structure

Question 1

cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 1

• Surrounds the outside of all cells
• made of two layers ( AKA phospholipid bilayer)

Question 2

cytoskeleton

Answer 2

• Thread like fibers
• made of proteins
• usually not pictured in a cell diagram

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

• jelly-like substance
• mainly made of water

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

-Contains genetic material (DNA)
- when DNA appears spread out that is chromatin
- when DNA condenses its form that is chromosomes
- surrounded by a nuclear envelope / membrane with parts that controsl what goes in and out

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

• inside of the nucleus

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

• made of proteins and rRNA
• located on rough ER and floating in cytoplasm

Question 7

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 7

• has ribosomes on surface
• hugs the nucleus

Question 8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

• no ribosomes on surface
• attached to rough ER

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

• folded membrane

Question 10

lysosomes

Answer 10

• contains enzymes

Question 11

vacuoles

Answer 11

• small and numerous in animal cells
• one large central one in plant cells

Question 12

centrioles

Answer 12

• made of microtublubes
• 2 centrioles + centrosome

Question 13

cilia

Answer 13

• shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars

Question 14

flagella

Answer 14

• longer, fewer,

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

• two parts: inner membrance and matrix (fluid part)

Question 16

chloroplast

Answer 16

• two parts: grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)

Question 17

cell wall

Answer 17

• made of cellulose (in plants), chitin (in fungi), and peptidoglycan (in bacteria)

Question 18

central vacuole

Answer 18

• one massive central structure