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Genetics BB10007 > Organelle DNA - lecture 5 > Flashcards

Organelle DNA - lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Main features of a mitochondrion

A
  • Outer membrane
  • Inner membrane
  • Matrix
  • DNA
  • Ribosomes
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2
Q

Main features of a chloroplast

A
  • Outer membran e
  • Inner membrane
  • stroma
  • DNA
  • Ribosomes
  • Thylakoid membrane
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3
Q

How do eukaryote cells inherit either chloroplasts/ mitochondria?

A
  • Both are inherited from the female parent
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4
Q

Have mitochondria and chloroplasts exchanged any DNA?

A
  • Yes. There has been DNA exchange and mitochondrial and chloroplast genes have migrated into the nucleus.
    Thus organelles are dependent on nuclear protein synthesis for basic functions
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5
Q

What do chloroplast genomes look like?

A
  • circular double stranded DNA
  • Highly coiled
  • no histones
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6
Q

What are typical things that chloroplast contain ?

A
  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • ribosomal proteins
  • genes for P/S
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7
Q

Did mitochondria or chloroplast evolve first?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

Genome size of a mitochondria?

A

6kbp to several million bp

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9
Q

Genome size of a chloroplast?

A

80000 to 600000bp

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10
Q

Do mitochondria contain histone like proteins?

A

no; but do have proteins with similar properties to histones

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11
Q

What is the most used mechanism for getting activated proteins into the mitochondria?

A

Encoded in the nucleus, translated in ribosomes in the cytoplasm then transported to the mitochondria

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12
Q

Mitochondria genomes structure in animals and fungi?

A

single , coiled circular DNA molecules

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13
Q

mitochondria genome structure in plants?

A

multiple circular DNA molecules are the norm

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14
Q

human Gene expression of mitochondria

A
  • no operons
  • two promoters , one for each strand
  • no untranslated areas
  • 16000bp
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15
Q

Gene expression in fungi , plants and protists

A
  • multiple promoters

- genes ocassionally arranged and transcribed in operons

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16
Q

yeast mitochondrial DNA

A
  • high non-coding content

- many introns

17
Q

How do mitochondria play a role in ageing?

A
  • Oxidative phosphorylation produces free radicals

- free radicals damage the cell and contribute to ageing

18
Q

How do mitochondria segregate?

A

Randomly during cell division. Therefore you could have a defective and un-defective mitochondria due to heteroplasmy

19
Q

What Is the approximate size of a mitochondria?

A

variable in size, but usually carry between 40-50 genes

20
Q

Do choroplast genomes contain non- coding or introns?

A

yes

21
Q

How are genes transcribed in chloroplasts?

A

In groups like bacteria operons

22
Q

How many genes do mitochondria have?

A

40-50

Genetics BB10007 (16 decks)

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