organelle and cell structure Flashcards
Small extensions of the cell membrane that
help add increased surface area to allow improved exchange of materials into or
out of the cell
microvilli
Protein complexes that help translate (read)
mRNA in order to build new proteins for the cell. They are located free in the
cytoplasm or attached to outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Powerhouses of the cell that utilize nutrients
from glucose and fatty acids to make ATP (usable cell energy). They require
oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and heat
mitochondria
Liquid and the contents inside the cell, not
including the nucleus
cytoplasm
Phospholipid and protein layer creates a
barrier separating inside and outside the cell. Also controls interactions with the
environment outside the cell and controls what can enter or leave the cell
cell membrane
The final processing and shipping center for
molecules being shipped to the cell membrane or out of the cell or even in some
cases to the lysosomes within the cell. Like FedEx or cell’s post office
Golgi apparatus
Tiny bubble-like spheres of membrane that
move around the inside of the cell. Like tiny cargo or shipping containers, they
are involved in transport or storage of molecules as they move to and from the
cell membrane, golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.
vesicles
Large extensions of the cell membrane that
contain cytoskeleton proteins allowing these structures to move. They are able
to move mucus or liquid along the cell surface. They look like wavy toothbrush
bristles on the microscope
cillia
Microfilament and microtubule proteins
create a scaffold inside the cell for organization, support, and structure in the
cell. Proteins include actin, keratin, and tubulin.
cytoskeleton
Library of information that encodes the
amino acid sequence of all the proteins in the body. DNA is the information
molecule and this organelle is the site of mRNA transcription from DNA
nucleus
Enclosed factory network extending away
from the nucleus of the cell. Many of the molecules needed by the cell are built
and processed here. Parts have either a rough or smooth appearance
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Enclosed factory network with many
ribosomes attached to the outer surface to build new proteins that are mostly
shipped to the nearby Golgi apparatus for final processing and shipping to the
cell membrane or out of the cell via vesicles. Ribosomes give a rough appearance
to this region of the ER
rough er
Enclosed factory network that can build or
process lipids and carbohydrates for the cell and is also involved in the
detoxification of drugs and chemicals. Does not have ribosomes attached which
makes it look smooth compared to the other regions of the ER
smooth er
Tiny membrane spheres inside the cell contain
digestive enzymes that breakdown molecules, cell parts and structures. They are
often thought of as the garbage disposal of the cell.
lysosomes
Tiny membrane spheres inside the cell contain
enzymes that breakdown potentially harmful chemicals like hydrogen peroxide.
They can breakdown uric acid, amino acids, and fatty acids. They can be thought
of as chemical processing centers in the cell
peroxisomes
