Organ Transplant

Question 1

What are the types of grafts?

Answer 1

• Autograft: transplantation of tissue from one part of person’s body to another part of body (ideal)
• Heterograft (Xenograft): transplantation of tissue between two different species
• Allograft: transplantation of tissue between members of same species

Question 1

What is a graft?

Answer 1

• Transfer of tissue from one part of body to different part
• Transfer of tissue from one person (or animal), called donor, to another person, the recipient

Question 2

How is the need for organ transplantation determined?

Answer 2

• Organs allocated based on point system established by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)
• Length of time on waiting list
• Whether organ candidate is a child
• Body size of donor and candidate
• Tissue match between donor and candidate
• Blood type, antibody levels

Question 3

Who can approach families about organ donation?

Answer 3

not nurses!

Question 4

What are key immunosuppressants used to prevent graft rejection?

Answer 4

• Cyclosporine
• Tacrolimus

Question 5

What is Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)?

Answer 5

• AKA bone marrow transplantation
• Healthy stem cells infused into recipient to restore normal bone marrow function in clients with hematologic malignancy or bone marrow failure

Question 6

What nursing interventions are used to prevent infection in HSCT?

Answer 6

Neutropenic precautions (protective environment)

• no fresh fruit, flowers, vegetables
• gloves, gown, mask for visitors; no ill visitors
• client’s door closed

Question 7

What is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)?

Answer 7

After allogenic transplant, the donated cells (graft) view the recipient’s cells (host) as an unfamiliar threat.

transplant rejection

Question 8

Acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) symptoms?

Answer 8

• Occurs shortly after your transplant, usually within the first 100 days
• Most often affects your skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract or liver

Question 9

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) symptoms?

Answer 9

• Can appear any time after an allogenic transplant, but most cases start within two years
• May affect your skin, mouth, liver, lungs, GI tract, muscles, joints or genitals

Question 10

How can eGFR affect health disparities in kidney transplantation?

Answer 10

• Not a lot of African Americans participated in clinical research
  
  • Scientists made the inference that African Americans have higher GFR
  • Not accurate because sample size was so small
• Caused disparity in kidney transplants
  
  • Eg. kidney usually given to the white person whose GFR is lower