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SBI 3U > Organ Systems Test > Flashcards

Organ Systems Test Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System Disorders

A
  • Emphysema
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • Bronchitis
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2
Q

Why are the walls of the left ventricle thicker than the walls of the right ventricle?

A

It has to pump the blood further around the body, and against higher pressure.

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3
Q

in what chambers of the heart does pulmonary circulation begin and end?

A

pulmonary circulation begins in the right atrium and ends in the left atrium

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4
Q

In what chambers does systemic circulation begin and end?

A

systemic circulation begins in the left ventricle and ends in the right atrium

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5
Q

The ________ valve is also known as the mitral valve

A

Biscuspid

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6
Q

One way flow of blood from the right ventricle is ensured by the presence of the ___ valve

A

aortic

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7
Q

mitral valve prolapse which is abnormal may allow blood to enter the ________

A

left atrium

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8
Q

The _____ is a muscular wall between the left and right ventricles

A

Septum

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9
Q

The ______ Is the name of the sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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10
Q

The bulk of the heart rests on the _____  Side of the body

A

left

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11
Q

The following chambers of the heart function to receive blood from the veins: _______ and ________

A

left atrium, right atrium

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12
Q

The ______ is the largest artery of the human body

A

aorta

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13
Q

what function does the adipose tissue surrounding the heart serve?

A

it serves as a cushion for the vital organ protecting it from damage during trauma or sudden jarring movement

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14
Q

which is thicker the wall of the superior and inferior vena cava or the aorta?

A

The aorta has significantly thicker walls than the superior and inferior vena cava as the artery is an artery that must respond to significant pressures

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15
Q

How do the pulmonary and systemic circuit rely on each other?

A

pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

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16
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

The pulmonary circuit is a low pressure system. The circuit begins with the deoxygenated blood return from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs

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17
Q

What is the systemic circulation

A

The systemic circuit is a high-pressured system. The systemic circuit provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue

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18
Q

What is the role of the coronary circuit?

A

The coronary circuit delivers oxygenated blood directly to the muscle of your heart in order to receive the nutrients it requires.

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19
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

This sudden blockage of a coronary artery leading to the death of heart muscle.

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20
Q

What does compensation of the heart mean?

A

When your heart cannot pump well your heart and your body try to make up for it.

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21
Q

Describe the location of the four valves of the heart.

A

The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle, the bicuspid or mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle, the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and the aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta

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22
Q

What are the components of the circulatory system?

A

The heart, the blood vessels and blood

23
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

transportation of O2, CO2, wastes, nutrients and hormones. Maintain body temperature. Maintain body fluid levels

24
Q

What is the Rh factor?

A

an Rh positive individual will have Rh antigens and an Rh negative individual will make Rh antibodies after exposure of Rh positive antigens

25
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The state of maintaining a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

26
Q

what does homeostasis regulate

A

Temperature, blood pH and blood sugar levels

27
Q

What is the central function of the digestive system?

A

Change the food you eat into chemical forms your body can use

28
Q

Define ingestion

A

The process of taking food, drink or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

29
Q

At what point is food suitable for use by our cells

A

Food becomes useful only after it has been converted into defeasible substances that can pass through the walls of the small intestine and blood and lymphatic vessels in the process of absorption

30
Q

Define digestion

A

Breaking down food by mechanical an enzymatic action in the alimentary Canel into substances that can act in the body

31
Q

What is mechanical digestion and where in the digestive system does it occur

A

Occurs mainly in the mouth and stomach and solid food masses are shredded torn ground and shaving

32
Q

What does mechanical digestion accomplish

A

It helps increase the surface area available for chemical digestion

33
Q

What is chemical digestion and what must be accomplished before a chemical digestion can occur

A

Can occur once food has been broken down into smaller components. When food is mixed with various juices from the digestive glands and then enzymes act upon the broken down food

34
Q

Where does absorption take place

A

It occurs primarily in the small intestine and in the larger intestine only water and some vitamins are absorbed

35
Q

Which two organ systems play a role in elimination of Waste for the digestive system

A

The nervous and endocrine systems

36
Q

What is the food in the mouth mixed with?

A

Saliva

37
Q

What is the most bowl like mass called before you swallow

A

Bolus

38
Q

what is the function of the epic lotus during

A

Prevents food from entering the trachea so that choking does not occur

39
Q

What important structure is found at the point of connection between the oesophagus and the stomach? What is the main function of the structure?

A

Cardiac sphincter and it prevents reflux or backflow of food from the stomach into the esophagus

40
Q

Explain how peristalsis works

A

A series of coordinated muscular contractions. It is the mechanism that moves food along the digestive track.

41
Q

what are perietal cells

A

Secrete HCl causes PH to decrease to two. Amylase becomes inactive

42
Q

What are chief cells

A

Secret pets in Elgin mixes with HCl becomes active pepsin and breaks down proteins

43
Q

What are mucus cells

A

secretes mucus, protects stomach wall from pepsin and HCl

44
Q

what are the three blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries and veins

45
Q

What is the function of arteries

A

To transport blood under pressure throughout the body

46
Q

what is the function of capillaries

A

capillaries are very narrow so that red blood cells can squeeze through the capillaries in a single file so that they slow down

47
Q

What are the function of veins

A

Veins transport blood back to the heart

48
Q

what are the main components of blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets

49
Q

Define respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment

50
Q

Ventilation or breathing

A

Process by which air is taken into the lungs and CO2 is removed from the lungs

51
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane between the alveoli and capillaries

52
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases between capillaries in the cells gases move from high to low

53
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Occurs in the mitochondria and a series of chemical reactions produce ATP energy

SBI 3U (5 decks)

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