Organ Systems, Structural Organization, Characteristics of life Flashcards
includes the activities promoted by the muscular
system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another by running or swimming, and manipulating the external environment with our nimble fingers
movement
the ability to sense changes (which serve as stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them.
Responsiveness
breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple
molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
Digestion
broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.
Metabolism
the process of removing wastes, or excreta
from the body.
Execretion
occurs at the cellular and the organismal level.
Reproduction
an increase in size of a body part or the organism as
a whole.
Growth
Forms the external body covering, and
protects deeper tissues from injury
Integumentary System
Protects and supports body organs, and
provides a framework the muscles use
to cause movement.
Skeletal System
Allows manipulation of the environment,
locomotion, and facial expression.
Muscular System
As the fast-acting control system of the
body, it responds to internal and external
changes by activating appropriate
muscles and glands.
Nervous System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate
processes such as growth, reproduction,
and nutrient use (metabolism) by body
cells.
Endocrine System
Blood vessels transport blood, which
carries oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps
blood.
Cardiovascular System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.
Lymphatic System
Keeps blood constantly supplied with
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
The gaseous exchanges occur through
the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Respiratory System
Breaks down food into absorbable units
that enter the blood for distribution to
body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are
eliminated as feces.
Digestive System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the
body. Regulates water, electrolyte and
acid-base balance of the blood.
Urinary System
Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone,
and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries
produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female structures serve as sites for
fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce
milk to nourish the newborn.
Reproductive System
simplest level of the structural hierarchy
Chemical Level
tiny building blocks of matter
atom
combined atoms
molecules
the smallest units of living
things.
cells
groups of similar cells that have
a common function.
Tissues
4 tissue types
epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, and nervous
tissue.
