Organ Systems II GI Anat Phys Embr Part II (RC) Flashcards
Why doesn’t a person’s “guts” spill out onto the floor when they are attacked and eviscerated by a ninja?
The midgut and hindgut are tethered by the dorsal mesogastrum.
The midgut and the hindgut leave the abdomen during what week of development? When do they return? Why do they leave in the first place?
Leave wk 5. Return wk 10. Leave to give abdomen time to enlarge and to allow them to move around so that they can rotate 270 degrees.
What are the arterial branches of the Superior Mesogastric artery?
The superior mesogastric artery branches off the abdominal aorta to supply the midgut. Its branches are: Jejunal a Ileal a. Ileocolic a. Appendicular a. Right colic a. Middle colic a.
What area does the Jejunal artery supply?
Jujenum
What area does the Ileal artery supply?
Ileum
What area does the Ileocolic artery supply?
Cecum, ileum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon.
What area does the Appendicular artery supply?
Appendix
What area does the Right colic artery supply?
Ascending colon
What area does the Middle colic artery supply?
Transverse colon
Why is it important to know the branches of the SMA and what organs they supply?
It tells the surgeon where to resect, as resection is done to include everything perfused by the artery and veins where the primary tumor is located
What is the fuel, that also happens to be the most abundant amino acid found in the blood, used by enterocytes?
Glutamine
What fuel do colonocytes (cells of the large intestine/colon) use?
Short-chained fatty acids
What structures run in the mesentery?
Arteries, veins and lymphatic structures
Where does the mesentary insert?
The posterior aspect of the hollow viscera
How is the surface area of the small intestine increased millions if not billions of times from what it would be if it was just a PVC pipe?
A remarkable, fractal, system of plica, villi, and microvilli. Plica circulares are large circular folds created by contraction of the muscularis mucosa. Villi are folds of mucosa covered by a single layer of enterocytes, the main functional cell of the intestines. Microvilli are projections of enterocyte cell membranes into the lumen, also called the brush border.
