Organ Systems

Question 1

Which side of the heart has a larger muscle

Answer 1

Left side because it needs the muscle to pump blood around the entire body.

Question 2

Where does the left side of the heart receive its blood from

Answer 2

It receives blood from the pulmonary vein which comes from the lungs this blood is oxygenated

Question 3

Where does the right side of the heart receive blood from and where does the blood go

Answer 3

It receives blood from the vena cava this blood is deoxygenated it sends blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery

Question 4

Describe the main sections of the heart

Answer 4

The atrium is where the blood is received the passes through a set of valves which prevent back flow into the ventricle. Here the blood is pumped through another set of valves and out into the body usually through an artery

Question 5

What is a group of cells called

Answer 5

A tissue

Question 6

The name for a group of tissues is

Answer 6

A organ

Question 7

Multiple organ create

Answer 7

An organ system

Question 8

What are three ways you can measure growth

Answer 8

Size, height width and length
Wet mass, the mass of an object with water
Dry mass, usually measured when the organism is dead

Question 9

What does growth involve

Answer 9

Cell differentiation or specialisation,
Cell division first rapidly in mammals to create an adult body then it is used for repair. This process is mitosis
Cell elongation used in plants to grow.

Question 10

How can fossils form

Answer 10

They can form when a soft material surrounds them and forms a cast
They can be preserved when no decay happens this usually occurs in extreme climates where micro organisms cannot survive.

Question 11

What do fossils found in rock layers tell us

Answer 11

What the fossil looked liked.
When the fossil existed he further back into the Rock the fossil generally the older the fossil
How they evolved by comparing different fossils from different time periods to rate change.

Question 12

What are problems with fossils

Answer 12

Very few organisms turn into fossils they tend to decay
Soft tissue decays completely.
Not all fossils are found

Question 13

What is a main part of evidence for evolution

Answer 13

The pentadactyl limb. This is a limb with five digits. It is found in many animals such as whales humans and bays. The similarity in bone structure suggests that we both formed from a common ancestor

Question 14

What shape are blood cells

Answer 14

Bi concave disc shape

Question 15

What adaptations to red blood cells have and why

Answer 15

They have no nucleus so that they can carry more blood

Question 16

Why do red blood cells have their shape

Answer 16

To create a large surface area this allows for more absorption of oxygen in a smaller time frame

Question 17

What do white blood cells do

Answer 17

They defend against infection,

Question 18

Name the components of blood

Answer 18

Plasma is a yellow liquid in the blood it carries dissolved substances such as carbon dioxide and food substances. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin this combines with oxygen to make oxyhemoglobin this gives cells oxygen for aerobic respiration
White blood cells have a nucleus. Some wbc release antibodies which bind with antigens to destroy micro organisms others surround the infection to kill it. Platelets are fragments of cells which cause blood clots or scabs to seal wounds preventing the ingress of infection

Question 19

What differences do arteries and veins have

Answer 19

Arteries have a thick wall because the pressure of blood running through them is large. Veins take blood back to the heart they are not high pressure so have a thin wall and a large lumen ( the bit in the middle)

Question 20

What is different about a capillary

Answer 20

It is very small and only has a one cell thick wall . The wall is permeable so diffusion of oxygen can take place. They exchange important nutrients with cells.

Question 21

What is special about the digestive system walls

Answer 21

They are the size as that starch proteins and fats cannot pass brought but sugars amino acids glycerol and fatty acids can

Question 22

What do enzymes do in the digestive system

Answer 22

They catalyse the reaction breaking down large molecules such as carbohydrates proteases and lipase into smaller components

Question 23

What does protease break down into

Answer 23

Proteins into amino acids

Question 24

What does lipase break down into

Answer 24

Fat into fatty acidse and glycerol

Question 25

What do carbohydrases brake down into

Answer 25

Starch into sugars

Question 26

What happens in the digestive system in the mouth

Answer 26

Good is moistened with saliva produced in the salivary glands. Amylase is priced which breaks down starch amylase is in the saliva. Food is chewed to allow it to be sealed it creates a bolus

Question 27

What does the oesophagus do

Answer 27

The muscles contract and move the ball along know as peristalsis

Question 28

What does the liver produce for digestion

Answer 28

It produces bile which neutralises stomach acids and emulsifiers fats

Question 29

What happens in the stomach

Answer 29

It pummels food with muscular walls
Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and provides the right ph for protease
Enzymes such as pepsin which is a protease enzyme break down proteins into amino acids.

Question 30

What does the gall bladder contain

Answer 30

Bile which releases into the small intestine

Question 31

What does the pancreas produce a

Answer 31

Protease amylase and lipase enzymes into the small intestine

Question 32

What is the large intestine and small intestine for

Answer 32

The small intestine absorbs food and completes digestion the large intestine absorbs excess water from the food

Question 33

What can you use to test for sugar an starch

Answer 33

Idodine to test for starch

Benedicts solution to test for sugars

Question 34

What is peristalsis

Answer 34

Waves of circular muscle contractions move the food along the gut and waves of longitudinal contractions help to keep the food in a ball.

Question 35

Why is bile important

Answer 35

It ensures that the pH in the stomach is optimum by neutralising excess acids as it is alkaline.
It emulsifies fats, this means it breaking them into tiny droplets giving them a larger surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on.

Question 36

Why are villi important

Answer 36

There are millions of villi giving a large surface area allowing for the quick absorption of digested food.
They have a single layer of surface cells allowing the food to diffuse quickly across a small distance
They have a large network of capillaries meaning absorption is faster as the molecules can diffuse straight across into the blood and be carried on