Organ Systems Flashcards
Which side of the heart has a larger muscle
Left side because it needs the muscle to pump blood around the entire body.
Where does the left side of the heart receive its blood from
It receives blood from the pulmonary vein which comes from the lungs this blood is oxygenated
Where does the right side of the heart receive blood from and where does the blood go
It receives blood from the vena cava this blood is deoxygenated it sends blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
Describe the main sections of the heart
The atrium is where the blood is received the passes through a set of valves which prevent back flow into the ventricle. Here the blood is pumped through another set of valves and out into the body usually through an artery
What is a group of cells called
A tissue
The name for a group of tissues is
A organ
Multiple organ create
An organ system
What are three ways you can measure growth
Size, height width and length
Wet mass, the mass of an object with water
Dry mass, usually measured when the organism is dead
What does growth involve
Cell differentiation or specialisation,
Cell division first rapidly in mammals to create an adult body then it is used for repair. This process is mitosis
Cell elongation used in plants to grow.
How can fossils form
They can form when a soft material surrounds them and forms a cast
They can be preserved when no decay happens this usually occurs in extreme climates where micro organisms cannot survive.
What do fossils found in rock layers tell us
What the fossil looked liked.
When the fossil existed he further back into the Rock the fossil generally the older the fossil
How they evolved by comparing different fossils from different time periods to rate change.
What are problems with fossils
Very few organisms turn into fossils they tend to decay
Soft tissue decays completely.
Not all fossils are found
What is a main part of evidence for evolution
The pentadactyl limb. This is a limb with five digits. It is found in many animals such as whales humans and bays. The similarity in bone structure suggests that we both formed from a common ancestor
What shape are blood cells
Bi concave disc shape
What adaptations to red blood cells have and why
They have no nucleus so that they can carry more blood
Why do red blood cells have their shape
To create a large surface area this allows for more absorption of oxygen in a smaller time frame
What do white blood cells do
They defend against infection,
Name the components of blood
Plasma is a yellow liquid in the blood it carries dissolved substances such as carbon dioxide and food substances. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin this combines with oxygen to make oxyhemoglobin this gives cells oxygen for aerobic respiration
White blood cells have a nucleus. Some wbc release antibodies which bind with antigens to destroy micro organisms others surround the infection to kill it. Platelets are fragments of cells which cause blood clots or scabs to seal wounds preventing the ingress of infection
What differences do arteries and veins have
Arteries have a thick wall because the pressure of blood running through them is large. Veins take blood back to the heart they are not high pressure so have a thin wall and a large lumen ( the bit in the middle)
What is different about a capillary
It is very small and only has a one cell thick wall . The wall is permeable so diffusion of oxygen can take place. They exchange important nutrients with cells.
What is special about the digestive system walls
They are the size as that starch proteins and fats cannot pass brought but sugars amino acids glycerol and fatty acids can
What do enzymes do in the digestive system
They catalyse the reaction breaking down large molecules such as carbohydrates proteases and lipase into smaller components
What does protease break down into
Proteins into amino acids
What does lipase break down into
Fat into fatty acidse and glycerol
