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Science Form 1 - Biology > Organ Systems > Flashcards

Organ Systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of plants and animals tissues

A

Histology

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2
Q

types of tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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3
Q

Lines cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body

A

Epithelial Tissue

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4
Q

Functions: secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transportation and sensing

A

Epithelial Tissue

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5
Q

found between other tissues everywhere in the body

A

Connective Tissues

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6
Q

Functions: support, transport, insulation, connect and separate other tissues

A

Connective Tissues

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7
Q

Types: loose connective tissues, blood, fibrous connective tissues, cartilage, bones

A

Connective Tissues

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8
Q

gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract

A

Muscle Tissue

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9
Q

Functions: movement, support, maintain posture, contractility of hollow organs

A

Muscle Tissue

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10
Q

Types: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

A

Muscle Tissue

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11
Q

found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves

A

Nervous Tissue

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12
Q

Composed of neurons and glial cells

A

Nervous Tissue

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13
Q

Functions: coordinating and controlling body activities

A

Nervous Tissue

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14
Q

transmit and receive external and internal stimuli

A

Nerve tissues

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15
Q

outer covering that protects and covers animal’s body

A

Integument

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16
Q

Function: protects the body from the external environment, injury, infection, and fluid loss

A

Integumentary System

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17
Q

composed of skin, hair and nail

A

Integumentary System

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18
Q

intracellular fibrous protein that gives skin, hair, nail their hardness and water-resistant properties

A

Keratin

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19
Q

firm framework most animals have

A

Skeleton

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20
Q

provides physical support and protection for the body and provides surfaces for attachment of muscles

A

Skeletal System

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21
Q

Types of Skeleton

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton, Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton

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22
Q

animals supported by the liquids in their body

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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23
Q

animals are supported by a hard external covering

A

Exoskeleton

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24
Q

animals are supported by a hard framework inside their bodies

A

Endoskeleton

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25
Q

bones, ligaments, joints, tendons, cartilage, bone marrow

A

Skeletal System

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26
Q

support and protects various organs, enables mobility, produces red and white blood cells and stored minerals

A

bones

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27
Q

attached one bone to another

A

ligaments

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28
Q

connection made between bones (movement)

A

joints

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29
Q

joins muscles to the bones and provides greater range of movements

A

tendons

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30
Q

protects bones against friction forces

A

cartilage

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31
Q

generates red and white blood cells

A

bone marrow

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32
Q

allow movement and locomotion

A

muscles

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33
Q

muscles can be controlled by thinking

A

voluntary

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34
Q

muscle function even if you don’t think about it

A

involuntary

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35
Q

attached to the bones and voluntary; works in pairs

A

skeletal muscles

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36
Q

muscle whose contraction bends limbs

A

flexor

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37
Q

muscle whose contraction straightens limbs

A

extensor

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38
Q

forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and hollow internal organs; involuntary

A

smooth muscles

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39
Q

found in the walls of the heart and pumps the heartz; involuntary

A

cardiac muscles

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40
Q

process of food intake and conversion into energy

A

nutrition

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41
Q

intake of food into the body

A

ingestion

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42
Q

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food molecules into soluble and diffusible molecules

A

digestion

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43
Q

mechanical breakdown of food (chewing)

A

physical digestion

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44
Q

breakdown of macromolecules (protein, carbohydrates, fats) into soluble molecules

A

chemical digestion

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45
Q

digested food materials are taken by the cells and are converted into new protoplasm to provide energy

A

absorption

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46
Q

passing of materials that were not absorbed in the large intestine out of the body

A

elimination

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47
Q

composed of undigested food (roughage)

A

feces

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48
Q

process of removing undigested material from the body

A

defecation or egestion

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49
Q

mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

A

Digestive System

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50
Q

beginning of digestive system

A

mouth

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51
Q

conduit of food or liquid that have been swallowed

A

esophagus

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52
Q

some of the digestion occurs and releases food into small intestine

A

stomach

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53
Q

accessory organ that produces bile for breaking down macromolecules

A

Liver

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54
Q

produces a mixture of enzymes to digest macromolecules

A

Pancreas

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55
Q

stores bile

A

gallbladder

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56
Q

most of digestion occurs

A

small intestine

57
Q

processes waste for convenient bowl emptying

A

large intestine

58
Q

temporary storage for feces before being expelled out of the body

A

Rectum

59
Q

controls expulsion of the feces

A

Anus

60
Q

distributes nutrients and gases and removes unwanted substances in every cell of the body

A

Circulatory System

61
Q

no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

A

open circulatory system

62
Q

blood is confined within blood vessels separated from the interstitial fluid

A

closed circulatory system

63
Q

heart, blood, blood vessels (veins, capillaries, arteries)

A

Circulatory System

64
Q

key organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system

A

heart

65
Q

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and delivers oxygen and other nutrients to every cell in the body

A

arteries

66
Q

bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart

A

veins

67
Q

exchange of vessels that connect arterioles and venules

A

capillaries

68
Q

composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

A

blood

69
Q

carries oxygen and other nutrients

A

red blood cells

70
Q

provides protections against diseases

A

white blood cells

71
Q

helps in blood clotting

A

platelets

72
Q

transports dissolved substances

A

plasma

73
Q

blood circulates through the body

A

systematic circulation

74
Q

blood circulated through lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

75
Q

provide defense and fight off pathogens and other disease carrying microbes

A

Immune System

76
Q

coordinated processes enacted by the immune system at the introduction foreign substance

A

immune response

77
Q

lymph nodes, spleen, lymphocytes, bone marrow, thymus

A

Immune System

78
Q

produce and store cells that fight infection and diseases

A

lymph nodes

79
Q

contains white blood cells and help regulate the amount of blood in the body

A

spleen

80
Q

defend our bodies against diseases

A

lymphocytes (white blood cells)

81
Q

target and kill cells that may have either become infected by the invader or are cancerous

A

T-cells

82
Q

produces antibodies that can hijack invaders as they travel in blood

A

B-cells

83
Q

spongy tissues inside bones that produces white blood cells

A

bone marrow

84
Q

thymus

A

where T-cells mature

85
Q

body gets oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide

A

respiration

86
Q

act of taking oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide out of the lungs

A

breathing

87
Q

skin is used to exchange gasses

A

integumentary exchange

88
Q

exchange gases in water environments

A

gills exhange

89
Q

branched internal tubes that extend through the animal’s body

A

tracheal exchange

90
Q

lungs used to exchange gases

A

lungs exchange

91
Q

nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm

A

Respiratory System

92
Q

inhales air into the body

A

nose

93
Q

voice box and acts as a defense mechanism

A

larynx

94
Q

provides clear unblocked airway or air to enter and exit the lungs

A

trachea

95
Q

allows air to pass efficiently into the lungs

A

bronchi

96
Q

leads to the alveolar sacs that contain alveoli

A

bronchiole

97
Q

allows exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

alveoli

98
Q

main organ of the respiratory system where oxygen is taken into and carbon dioxide is expelled out

A

lungs

99
Q

responsible for chest movement

A

diaphragm

100
Q

collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood

A

Endocrine System

101
Q

ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or the extracellular fluid

A

endocrine glands

102
Q

regulates hormones secretion by stimulation the output of even more hormone

A

positive feedback

103
Q

regulates hormone secretion by lessening production of hormones

A

negative feedback

104
Q

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads

A

endocrine system

105
Q

assists the pituitary gland in regulating other glands by producing TRH, GHRH, GnRH, CRH, oxytocin, and ADH

A

hypothalamus

106
Q

posterior pituitary produces oxytocin and ADH and anterior pituitary produces TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, HGH, and PRL

A

pituitary gland

107
Q

produces melatonin which regulates sleep-wake cycle

A

pineal gland

108
Q

helps in regulating the body’s metabolism and calcium levels by producing calcitonin, T3, and T4

A

thyroid gland

109
Q

regulates the amount of calcium in blood and within bones

A

parathyroid gland

110
Q

responsible for maturing T-cells

A

thymus

111
Q

responds to stress, affects fluid balance in the body, and makes a small amount of sex hormones

A

adrenal glands

112
Q

produces glucagon which raises glucose levels and insulin which lowers glucose levels

A

pancreas

113
Q

testes produces androgens like testosterone and ovaries produce
progesterone and estrogen

A

gonads

114
Q

complex collection of nerves and specialized cells (neurons) that transmit signals between different parts of the body

A

Nervous System

115
Q

Receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system

A

Central Nervous System

116
Q

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

117
Q

Responsible for senses and response to environment

A

Peripheral Nervous System

118
Q

Composed of nerves throughout the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

119
Q

controls voluntary movements and reflexes

A

Somatic Component

120
Q

controls involuntary movements and functions

A

Autonomic Component

121
Q

removal of metabolic waste out of the body

A

excretion

122
Q

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

A

Excretory System

123
Q

removes waste products from the blood and regulates water fluid levels

A

kidney

124
Q

transfers urine from kidney to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

125
Q

short-term storage for urine

A

urinary bladder

126
Q

allows urine to pass out of the body

A

urethra

127
Q

Important for the survival of a species

A

Reproductive System

128
Q

Female: ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis

A

Reproductive System

129
Q

where female reproductive cells are produced

A

Ovaries

130
Q

carries an egg cell from an ovary to the uterus and is where the egg cell can be fertilized by a sperm cell

A

Fallopian tube

131
Q

responsible for development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy

A

uterus

132
Q

allows flow of menstrual blood to vagina and directs sperms into the uterus during intercourse

A

cervix

133
Q

copulatory organ and is called the birth canal

A

vagina

134
Q

produces sperm cells and sex hormones

A

Testes

135
Q

where sperm cells mature

A

Epididymis

136
Q

conducts sperm cells from testes to urethra

A

Vas Deferens

137
Q

conducts semen and urine

A

Urethra

138
Q

copulatory organ

A

Penis

Science Form 1 - Biology (6 decks)

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