Organ Systems Flashcards
1
Q
study of plants and animals tissues
A
Histology
2
Q
types of tissues
A
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
3
Q
Lines cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body
A
Epithelial Tissue
4
Q
Functions: secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transportation and sensing
A
Epithelial Tissue
5
Q
found between other tissues everywhere in the body
A
Connective Tissues
6
Q
Functions: support, transport, insulation, connect and separate other tissues
A
Connective Tissues
7
Q
Types: loose connective tissues, blood, fibrous connective tissues, cartilage, bones
A
Connective Tissues
8
Q
gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract
A
Muscle Tissue
9
Q
Functions: movement, support, maintain posture, contractility of hollow organs
A
Muscle Tissue
10
Q
Types: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
A
Muscle Tissue
11
Q
found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves
A
Nervous Tissue
12
Q
Composed of neurons and glial cells
A
Nervous Tissue
13
Q
Functions: coordinating and controlling body activities
A
Nervous Tissue
14
Q
transmit and receive external and internal stimuli
A
Nerve tissues
15
Q
outer covering that protects and covers animal’s body
A
Integument
16
Q
Function: protects the body from the external environment, injury, infection, and fluid loss
A
Integumentary System
17
Q
composed of skin, hair and nail
A
Integumentary System
18
Q
intracellular fibrous protein that gives skin, hair, nail their hardness and water-resistant properties
A
Keratin
19
Q
firm framework most animals have
A
Skeleton
20
Q
provides physical support and protection for the body and provides surfaces for attachment of muscles
A
Skeletal System
21
Q
Types of Skeleton
A
Hydrostatic Skeleton, Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton
22
Q
animals supported by the liquids in their body
A
Hydrostatic Skeleton
23
Q
animals are supported by a hard external covering
A
Exoskeleton
24
Q
animals are supported by a hard framework inside their bodies
A
Endoskeleton
25
bones, ligaments, joints, tendons, cartilage, bone marrow
Skeletal System
26
support and protects various organs, enables mobility, produces red and white blood cells and stored minerals
bones
27
attached one bone to another
ligaments
28
connection made between bones (movement)
joints
29
joins muscles to the bones and provides greater range of movements
tendons
30
protects bones against friction forces
cartilage
31
generates red and white blood cells
bone marrow
32
allow movement and locomotion
muscles
33
muscles can be controlled by thinking
voluntary
34
muscle function even if you don't think about it
involuntary
35
attached to the bones and voluntary; works in pairs
skeletal muscles
36
muscle whose contraction bends limbs
flexor
37
muscle whose contraction straightens limbs
extensor
38
forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and hollow internal organs; involuntary
smooth muscles
39
found in the walls of the heart and pumps the heartz; involuntary
cardiac muscles
40
process of food intake and conversion into energy
nutrition
41
intake of food into the body
ingestion
42
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food molecules into soluble and diffusible molecules
digestion
43
mechanical breakdown of food (chewing)
physical digestion
44
breakdown of macromolecules (protein, carbohydrates, fats) into soluble molecules
chemical digestion
45
digested food materials are taken by the cells and are converted into new protoplasm to provide energy
absorption
46
passing of materials that were not absorbed in the large intestine out of the body
elimination
47
composed of undigested food (roughage)
feces
48
process of removing undigested material from the body
defecation or egestion
49
mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Digestive System
50
beginning of digestive system
mouth
51
conduit of food or liquid that have been swallowed
esophagus
52
some of the digestion occurs and releases food into small intestine
stomach
53
accessory organ that produces bile for breaking down macromolecules
Liver
54
produces a mixture of enzymes to digest macromolecules
Pancreas
55
stores bile
gallbladder
56
most of digestion occurs
small intestine
57
processes waste for convenient bowl emptying
large intestine
58
temporary storage for feces before being expelled out of the body
Rectum
59
controls expulsion of the feces
Anus
60
distributes nutrients and gases and removes unwanted substances in every cell of the body
Circulatory System
61
no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
open circulatory system
62
blood is confined within blood vessels separated from the interstitial fluid
closed circulatory system
63
heart, blood, blood vessels (veins, capillaries, arteries)
Circulatory System
64
key organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system
heart
65
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and delivers oxygen and other nutrients to every cell in the body
arteries
66
bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart
veins
67
exchange of vessels that connect arterioles and venules
capillaries
68
composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
blood
69
carries oxygen and other nutrients
red blood cells
70
provides protections against diseases
white blood cells
71
helps in blood clotting
platelets
72
transports dissolved substances
plasma
73
blood circulates through the body
systematic circulation
74
blood circulated through lungs
pulmonary circulation
75
provide defense and fight off pathogens and other disease carrying microbes
Immune System
76
coordinated processes enacted by the immune system at the introduction foreign substance
immune response
77
lymph nodes, spleen, lymphocytes, bone marrow, thymus
Immune System
78
produce and store cells that fight infection and diseases
lymph nodes
79
contains white blood cells and help regulate the amount of blood in the body
spleen
80
defend our bodies against diseases
lymphocytes (white blood cells)
81
target and kill cells that may have either become infected by the invader or are cancerous
T-cells
82
produces antibodies that can hijack invaders as they travel in blood
B-cells
83
spongy tissues inside bones that produces white blood cells
bone marrow
84
thymus
where T-cells mature
85
body gets oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
respiration
86
act of taking oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide out of the lungs
breathing
87
skin is used to exchange gasses
integumentary exchange
88
exchange gases in water environments
gills exhange
89
branched internal tubes that extend through the animal's body
tracheal exchange
90
lungs used to exchange gases
lungs exchange
91
nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm
Respiratory System
92
inhales air into the body
nose
93
voice box and acts as a defense mechanism
larynx
94
provides clear unblocked airway or air to enter and exit the lungs
trachea
95
allows air to pass efficiently into the lungs
bronchi
96
leads to the alveolar sacs that contain alveoli
bronchiole
97
allows exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
alveoli
98
main organ of the respiratory system where oxygen is taken into and carbon dioxide is expelled out
lungs
99
responsible for chest movement
diaphragm
100
collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood
Endocrine System
101
ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or the extracellular fluid
endocrine glands
102
regulates hormones secretion by stimulation the output of even more hormone
positive feedback
103
regulates hormone secretion by lessening production of hormones
negative feedback
104
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads
endocrine system
105
assists the pituitary gland in regulating other glands by producing TRH, GHRH, GnRH, CRH, oxytocin, and ADH
hypothalamus
106
posterior pituitary produces oxytocin and ADH and anterior pituitary produces TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, HGH, and PRL
pituitary gland
107
produces melatonin which regulates sleep-wake cycle
pineal gland
108
helps in regulating the body’s metabolism and calcium levels by producing calcitonin, T3, and T4
thyroid gland
109
regulates the amount of calcium in blood and within bones
parathyroid gland
110
responsible for maturing T-cells
thymus
111
responds to stress, affects fluid balance in the body, and makes a small amount of sex hormones
adrenal glands
112
produces glucagon which raises glucose levels and insulin which lowers glucose levels
pancreas
113
testes produces androgens like testosterone and ovaries produce
progesterone and estrogen
gonads
114
complex collection of nerves and specialized cells (neurons) that transmit signals between different parts of the body
Nervous System
115
Receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System
116
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
117
Responsible for senses and response to environment
Peripheral Nervous System
118
Composed of nerves throughout the body
Peripheral Nervous System
119
controls voluntary movements and reflexes
Somatic Component
120
controls involuntary movements and functions
Autonomic Component
121
removal of metabolic waste out of the body
excretion
122
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Excretory System
123
removes waste products from the blood and regulates water fluid levels
kidney
124
transfers urine from kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
125
short-term storage for urine
urinary bladder
126
allows urine to pass out of the body
urethra
127
Important for the survival of a species
Reproductive System
128
Female: ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis
Reproductive System
129
where female reproductive cells are produced
Ovaries
130
carries an egg cell from an ovary to the uterus and is where the egg cell can be fertilized by a sperm cell
Fallopian tube
131
responsible for development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy
uterus
132
allows flow of menstrual blood to vagina and directs sperms into the uterus during intercourse
cervix
133
copulatory organ and is called the birth canal
vagina
134
produces sperm cells and sex hormones
Testes
135
where sperm cells mature
Epididymis
136
conducts sperm cells from testes to urethra
Vas Deferens
137
conducts semen and urine
Urethra
138
copulatory organ
Penis
