Organ System Involved in Maintaining an Optimal Internal Environement

Question 1

Why is an optimum body temperature important for us?

Answer 1

• Body have many enzymes that control catalytic activities in body

Question 2

What happens to body if temperature is too high or too low?

Answer 2

• Enzymes denature at high temperature

- Metabolic activity of enzyme decreases at low temperature

Question 3

What are the physical methods body reacts to have optimum temperature during hot conditions?

Answer 3

• Erector muscle contract : Hair erects ( trap cold air)
• Arterioles undergo vascodilation ( more blood flow can flow to skin
• Secretory glands stimulates sweat
• muscle less stimulated

Question 4

What chemical methods are observe when body is at cold condition?

Answer 4

• Thyroid glands stimulates thyroxine to increase metabolic activity
• Adrenaline glands stimulate adrenaline to speed up metabolic rate

Question 5

At cold temperature, what physical methods can keep body warm?

Answer 5

• The erector muscle relax ( hair lay flat on skin)
• Vascoconstriction (less blood flow to skin surface)
• The sweat glands does not produce sweat
• More muscle movement ( shiver)

Question 6

When body at hot temperature, what is the chemical method when body is in cold condition.

Answer 6

• Adrenaline glands stimulate adrenaline

- Thyroid glands stimulate thyroxine ( metabolic rate increase)

Question 7

How does body react when our blood has high sugar content?

Answer 7

• Sugar will be converted glycogen and store in liver with aid of insulin

Question 8

When there is low sugar level, what hormone is produce?

Answer 8

• Glucagon is secreted to convert glycogen to glucose.

Question 9

What is the alpha cell and beta cell?

Answer 9

• Alpha cell ( glucagon)

- Beta cells ( insulin)

Question 10

What happens when body fail to secrete insulin ang glucagon?

Answer 10

• Have diabetes mellitus

Question 11

How does body react when there is high blood pressure?

Answer 11

1) High blood pressure
2) Baroreceptor at aortic arch and carotid artery are stimulated
3) The cardiovascular is stimulated
4) Vascodilation occurs to reduce the resistant of blood flow
5) Blood pressure return to normal

Question 12

Body has low blood pressure due to excessive lost of blood. How does body reacts?

Answer 12

1) Low blood pressure
2) Baroreceptor at aortic arch and carotid artery are less stimulated
3) The cardiovascular control centre s less stimulated
4) Vascoconstriction occurs ( increases resistance of blood flow)
5) Blood pressure normal

Question 13

What happens to body when we have vigorous activities? List 8 steps.

Answer 13

1) During vigorous activity, carbon dioxide in blood increases
2) Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma as carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is broken down to hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion.
3) pH value to blood in tissue decreases ( more acidic)
4) The acidic blood is detected by the chemoreceptor in the medulla oblongata and the peripheral chemoreceptor in the neck
5) Nerve impulse send to respiration and cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata
6) Intercostal muscle and diaphragm and cardiac muscles contract and relax quickly
7) So excessive carbon dioxide can be expelled out of body.