Organ histologi

Question 1

Epithelium of esophagus

Answer 1

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

Question 2

Epithelium of cardiac stomach

Answer 2

Simple columnar

Question 3

Beta cell

Answer 3

70% and is scattered and concentrated in center - produces insulin which decreases blood glucose level

Question 4

Alpha cell

Answer 4

20% and is located at the islet periphery - produces glucagon which increases blood glucose level

Question 5

Delta cell

Answer 5

Produces Somatostatin - pracrine inhibits hormone release from endocrine pancreas and enzymes from exocrine pancreas - endocrine reduces contraction of alimentary tract and gallbladder smooth muscles

Question 6

Delta 1 cell

Answer 6

Produces Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - induces glycogenolysis and regulates smoothmuscle tonus and motility of gut and controls ion and water secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.

Question 7

G cell

Answer 7

Produces Gastrin and stimulates production of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells of stomach

Question 8

PP cell (F cell)

Answer 8

Produces Pancreatic Polypeptide and inhibits exocrine secretions of pancreas

Question 9

EC cell

Answer 9

Located in stomach - produces serotonin and substance P and increases peristaltic movement.

Question 10

ECL cell

Answer 10

Located in stomach - produces histamine and stimulates HCl secretion

Question 11

GL cell

Answer 11

Located in stomach - produces glicentin and acts as the same as glucagon - stimulates hepatocyte glycogenolysis thus elevates blood glucose levels

Question 12

I cell

Answer 12

Located in small instestine - produces cholecystokinin and stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes and contraction of gall bladder

Question 13

Acinar cells of exocrine pancreas:

Answer 13

Produce Pancreatic amylase, Pancreatic lipase, Ribonuclease, Deoxyribonuclease, Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase, Elastase

Question 14

K cell

Answer 14

located in small intestine - produces gastric inhibitory peptide and inhibits HCl

Question 15

Mo cell

Answer 15

Produces motilin and increased intestinal peristalsis

Question 16

N cell

Answer 16

Produces Neurtensin and increases blood flow to ileum and decreases peristaltic action of small and large intestines

Question 17

PP cell (F cell)

Answer 17

Produces Pancreatic Polypeptide and stimulates release of enzymes by chief cells, depresses release of HCl by parietal cells and inhibits exocrine release of pancreas

Question 18

S cell

Answer 18

Produces Secretin and stimulates relases of bicarbonate rich fluid fron pancreas

Question 19

VIP cell

Answer 19

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and increases peristaltic action of small and large intestines and stimulates elimaination of water and ions by GI tract

Question 20

What are the three pairs of major salivary glands?

Answer 20

Parotid(serous, 30%), sublingual(mixed) and submandibular(mixed 60%)

Question 21

Salivary amylase is produces where and does what?

Answer 21

Is produced by parotid gland and digests starch in food. Acid chyme inactivates this enzyme in stomach.

Question 22

What is kallikrein?

Answer 22

Kallikrein is produced by salivary glands and converts kininogens in the blood to bradykinin. Bradykinin is a vasodilator that dilates and enhances blood flow in the region.

Question 23

What are the difference between primary and secondary saliva?

Answer 23

Primary saliva is isotonic manufactured by acinar cells

Question 24

Epithelium of gallbladder

Answer 24

Lumen: simple columnar epithelium

Nonattached surface: simple squamous epithelial serosa

Question 25

Ampulla of water is

Answer 25

Fusion of the cystic duct from gallbladder with common hepatic duct forming the common bile duct fusing with the pancreatic duct.

Question 26

Sphincter of oddi

Answer 26

Is a collection of muscles: S. Choledochus, S. Pancreaticus, S. Ampullae and fasciculus longitudinalis.

Question 27

What is Islet of langerhans?

Answer 27

Islet of langerhans are aggregates of cells composed of beta, alpha, delta, delta1, g and pp cells.

Question 28

What is Glissons Capsule?

Answer 28

GC is loosely attached over the liver except at porta hepatis.

Question 29

What are pit cells?

Answer 29

Believed to be natural killer cells.

Displays short pseudopodia and cytoplasmic granules.

Question 30

Canals of Hering

Answer 30

Are branches of interlobular bile ducts. Is mostly composed of cuboidal cells. Some ovoid cells. Bile from cholangioles enters Hering.