Organ histologi Flashcards
Epithelium of esophagus
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
Epithelium of cardiac stomach
Simple columnar
Beta cell
70% and is scattered and concentrated in center - produces insulin which decreases blood glucose level
Alpha cell
20% and is located at the islet periphery - produces glucagon which increases blood glucose level
Delta cell
Produces Somatostatin - pracrine inhibits hormone release from endocrine pancreas and enzymes from exocrine pancreas - endocrine reduces contraction of alimentary tract and gallbladder smooth muscles
Delta 1 cell
Produces Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - induces glycogenolysis and regulates smoothmuscle tonus and motility of gut and controls ion and water secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.
G cell
Produces Gastrin and stimulates production of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells of stomach
PP cell (F cell)
Produces Pancreatic Polypeptide and inhibits exocrine secretions of pancreas
EC cell
Located in stomach - produces serotonin and substance P and increases peristaltic movement.
ECL cell
Located in stomach - produces histamine and stimulates HCl secretion
GL cell
Located in stomach - produces glicentin and acts as the same as glucagon - stimulates hepatocyte glycogenolysis thus elevates blood glucose levels
I cell
Located in small instestine - produces cholecystokinin and stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes and contraction of gall bladder
Acinar cells of exocrine pancreas:
Produce Pancreatic amylase, Pancreatic lipase, Ribonuclease, Deoxyribonuclease, Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase, Elastase
K cell
located in small intestine - produces gastric inhibitory peptide and inhibits HCl
Mo cell
Produces motilin and increased intestinal peristalsis
N cell
Produces Neurtensin and increases blood flow to ileum and decreases peristaltic action of small and large intestines
PP cell (F cell)
Produces Pancreatic Polypeptide and stimulates release of enzymes by chief cells, depresses release of HCl by parietal cells and inhibits exocrine release of pancreas
S cell
Produces Secretin and stimulates relases of bicarbonate rich fluid fron pancreas
VIP cell
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and increases peristaltic action of small and large intestines and stimulates elimaination of water and ions by GI tract
What are the three pairs of major salivary glands?
Parotid(serous, 30%), sublingual(mixed) and submandibular(mixed 60%)
Salivary amylase is produces where and does what?
Is produced by parotid gland and digests starch in food. Acid chyme inactivates this enzyme in stomach.
What is kallikrein?
Kallikrein is produced by salivary glands and converts kininogens in the blood to bradykinin. Bradykinin is a vasodilator that dilates and enhances blood flow in the region.
What are the difference between primary and secondary saliva?
Primary saliva is isotonic manufactured by acinar cells
Epithelium of gallbladder
Lumen: simple columnar epithelium
Nonattached surface: simple squamous epithelial serosa
Ampulla of water is
Fusion of the cystic duct from gallbladder with common hepatic duct forming the common bile duct fusing with the pancreatic duct.
Sphincter of oddi
Is a collection of muscles: S. Choledochus, S. Pancreaticus, S. Ampullae and fasciculus longitudinalis.
What is Islet of langerhans?
Islet of langerhans are aggregates of cells composed of beta, alpha, delta, delta1, g and pp cells.
What is Glissons Capsule?
GC is loosely attached over the liver except at porta hepatis.
What are pit cells?
Believed to be natural killer cells.
Displays short pseudopodia and cytoplasmic granules.
Canals of Hering
Are branches of interlobular bile ducts. Is mostly composed of cuboidal cells. Some ovoid cells. Bile from cholangioles enters Hering.
