ORG CHEM Flashcards
Valence electrons of an atom are represented as dots
Lewis structures
A two-electron covalent bond is indicated as a line drawn between atoms
Kekule structures
Small flash of visible or ultraviolet light emitted by fluoresecence in a phosphpr when struck by a charged or high-energy photon
Scintillation
States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
Pauli’s exclusion principle
Different compounds that have the same molecular formula
Isomers
Occurs when two reactants add together to form a single new product with no atoms ‘left over
Addition Reactions
A + B –> C
occur when a single reactant splits into two products
Elimination Reactions
A –> B + C
occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products
Substitution Reaction
A-B + C-D –> A-C + B-D
Occurs when a single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield a single isomeric product
Rearrangement Reaction
A -> B
Occurs when there is addition of oxygen to a molecule or removal of hydrogen from it
Oxidation reactions
There is an increase in the number of O atoms and/or decrease in the number of H atoms in the organic substrate
Oxidation reactions
Occurs when there is addition of hydrogen to a molecule or removal of oxygen from it
Reduction reactions
There is an increase in the number of H atoms and/or decrease in the number of O atoms in the organic substrate
Reduction reactions
Has an electron-rich atom and can form a bond by donating an electron pair to an electron-poor atom; often have lone pairs of electrons, and frequently negatively charged
Nucleophilic Reagents
Has an electron-poor atom and can form a bond by accepting an electron pair from an electronrich atom; often (but not always) positively charged
Electrophilic Reagents
