ORG

Question 1

a management function that involves inspiring and influencing people in the organization to achieve a common goal

Answer 1

Leading

Question 2

the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change. It also deals with planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling

Answer 2

Managing

Question 3

pertains to the unique combination of physical and mental characteristics that affect how individuals react to situations and interact with others, and if unhealthy or not fully functioning could cause con- flicts/problems among individuals.

Answer 3

Personality

Question 4

five basic personality dimensions

Answer 4

1. Extraversion
2. Agreeableness
3. Conscientiousness
4. Emotional Stability
5. Openness to experience

Question 5

the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, and assertive

Answer 5

Extraversion

Question 6

the degree to which someone is good natured, cooperative, and trusting

Answer 6

Agreeableness

Question 7

the degree to which someone is responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement-oriented

Answer 7

Conscientiousness

Question 8

the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive), or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative)

Answer 8

Emotional Stability

Question 9

the degree to which someone is imagi-
native, artistically sensitive, and intellectual

Answer 9

Openness to experience

Question 10

pertains to the ability to manage one’s self and interact with others in a positive way

Answer 10

Emotional Intelligence

Question 11

gave four key components of EI

Answer 11

self-awareness, self management, social awareness, and relationship management

Question 12

refers to employee behavior that exceeds work role requirements and also behaviors that go beyond the call of duty.

Answer 12

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

Question 13

to the extent to which an individual employee identifies with an organization and its goals.

Answer 13

Organizational Commitment

Question 14

fers to employ- ees’ general attitude toward their respective jobs.

Answer 14

Job Satisfaction and Productivity

Question 15

refers to psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior

Answer 15

Motivation

Question 16

a body of fundamental principles verifiable by experiment or observation

Answer 16

Theory

Question 17

Maslow’s Hier- archy of Five Human Needs

Answer 17

physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

Question 18

refers to the theory that was
proposed by Douglas McGregor.

Answer 18

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Question 19

negative view of workers which assumes that workers
have little ambition, dislike work, and avoid responsibilities; they need to be closely monitored or controlled in order for them to work effectively.

Answer 19

Theory X

Question 20

positive view of workers which assumes that employees
enjoy work, seek out and accept responsibility, and are self-directed.

Answer 20

Theory Y

Question 21

This theory is also known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Answer 21

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Question 22

was proposed by David McClel- land and states that individuals have three needs that serve as motivators at work.

Answer 22

McClelland’s Three Needs Theory

Question 23

Three needs McClelland referred to are:

Answer 23

the need for achievement (nAch), the need for power (nPow), and the need for affiliation (nAff)

Question 24

For Alderfer, a set of core needs explains behavior. E stands for existence needs, R refers to relatedness needs, and G pertains to growth needs.

Answer 24

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Question 25

the degree by which a job requires different activities, so employees may be able to use their different skills

Answer 25

Skill Variety

Question 26

the degree by which a job requires different activities, so employees may be able to use their different skills

Answer 26

Task Identity

Question 27

the degree by which a job has a significant impact on the lives or work of others

Answer 27

Task Significance

Question 28

the degree by which a job provides enough freedom and discretion to employees

Answer 28

Autonomy

Question 29

the degree by which performing job requirements results in the employee’s receipt of information about his or her performance effectiveness

Answer 29

Feedback

Question 30

Five Core Dimensions

Answer 30

1. Skill Variety 2. Task Identity 3. Task Significance 4. Autonomy 5. Feedback

Question 31

a theory stating that specific goals motivate performance and that more difficult goals, when accepted by employees, result in greater motivation to perform well, as compared to easy goals.

Answer 31

Goal Setting Theory

Question 32

a theory which states that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Answer 32

Reinforcement Theory

Question 33

a theory which states that employees are moti- vated to work well by combining tasks to form complete jobs.

Answer 33

Job Design Theory

Question 34

which states that employees assess job outcomes in relation to what they put into it and then compare these with their co-workers.

Answer 34

Equity Theory

Question 35

states that an individual tends to act in a certain way, based on the expectation that the act will be followed by an outcome which may be attractive or unattractive to him or her.

Answer 35

Expectancy Theory

Question 36

the process of inspiring and influencing a group of people to achieve a common goal

Answer 36

Leadership

Question 37

a theory based on leader traits or personal charac- teristics that differentiate leaders from followers.

Answer 37

Trait Theory

Question 38

a theory that focuses on the behavior, action, conduct, demeanor, or deportment of a leader instead of his or her per- sonality traits

Answer 38

Behavioral Theory

Question 39

it is a situational leadership theory proposed by Fred Fiedler, an organizational behavior scholar

Answer 39

Fiedler Model

Question 40

another situational leadership theory proposed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The theory focused on subordinates’ readiness or extent to which the said subordinates have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific work assignment.

Answer 40

Herahey-Blanchard Theory

Question 41

a theory developed by Robert House which states that the leader’s task is to lead his other followers or subordinates in achieving their goals by providing them direction needed in order to ensure compatibility of these said goals with the organization’s goal

Answer 41

Path-Goal Theory

Question 42

where the leader gives specific guidelines to followers so that task accomplishment would be easier;

Answer 42

Directive Leadership

Question 43

where the leader shows concern and friendliness to subordinates;

Answer 43

Supportive Leadership

Question 44

where the leader asks for suggestions from followers before decision-making; and

Answer 44

participative leadership

Question 45

where the leader sets the goals that subordinates must try to achieve.

Answer 45

achievement-oriented leadership

Question 46

theoretical model which states that leaders guide their subordinates toward the achievement of their organization’s goals by using social exchange or transactions and by offering rewards in exchange for their productivity.

Answer 46

Transactional Leadership Model

Question 47

a view that developed from transactional leadership. It states that leaders inspire or transform follow- ers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. Through their leadership, they are able to e

Answer 47

Transformational Leadership Mode

Question 48

pertain to leaders who are self-confi- dent, enthusiastic, and sensitive to both environmental constraints and subordinates’ needs.

Answer 48

Charismatic Leadership Theory

Question 49

is a theory which states that leaders are able to make their subordinates follow because of their ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision that may improve present conditions or circumstances.

Answer 49

Visionary Leadership Theory

Question 50

– is a theory that emerged because of the fact that leadership is increasingly taking place within a team context and that more companies are now utilizing work teams led or guided by leaders.

Answer 50

Team Leadership Theory

Question 51

– a theory proposed by Robert Greenleaf in 1970 stating that servant-leaders must focus on increased service to others rather than to one’s self.

Answer 51

Servant Leadership Theory

Question 52

any alteration of people, structure, or technology in organizations brought by external or internal forces which they encounter

Answer 52

Organizational Change

Question 53

the host of individual differences that make people in organizations different from and similar to each other

Answer 53

Organizational Diversity