ORE DEPOSITS

Question 1

Natural concentrations of useful metals, minerals

Answer 1

mineral deposits

Question 2

concentrations of ore minerals which can be economically* exploited

Answer 2

ore deposits

Question 3

rocks/minerals that are mined, processed and delivered at a profit

Answer 3

ore

Question 4

non-valuable minerals in the ore (e.g. silcia, clay)

Answer 4

gangue

Question 5

non-valuable portion of the ore

Answer 5

waste

Question 6

ave content of the abundant elements in the earth’s crust

Answer 6

O - 46.6
Si - 27.7
Al - 8.1
Fe - 5
Ca - 3.6
Na - 2.8
K - 2.6
Mg - 2.1

Question 7

True or False: Gold are economic to mine even at ppm concentrations and Copper needs to have 100,000 times more concentrations than gold

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What is the typical composition of the Philippine five peso coin? Cu, Ni and Zinc

Answer 8

70% copper
5.5 nickel
24.5% zinc

Question 9

grade where mining and processing costs are equal to proceeds from the sale of the product

Answer 9

cut-off grade

Question 10

Types of Ore Deposits

Answer 10

ign ore dep
hydrothermal ore dep
sed ore dep
weathering ore dep
met ore dep

Question 11

kimberlites are associated with ___ and ___

Answer 11

magnetite and ilmenite

Question 12

How does fluids (hydrothermal fluids) create mineral deposits

Answer 12

hydrothermal fluids circulate and leach additional metals. in time, the fluids precipitate and deposit their dissolved minerals, creating a mineral deposit

Question 13

precipitation of ore minerals can happen by”

Answer 13

cooling, boiling, mixing of two fluids, wall rock-fluid interaction, oxidation

Question 14

Types of hydrothermal ore deposits

Answer 14

porphory copper
epithermal gold
volcanogenic massive sulfides

Question 15

Examples of hydrothermal ore deposits in the Ph

Answer 15

baguio gold district
paracale gold district
masbate gold district
surigao gold district
zamboanga gold district
masara gold district

Question 16

mainly sub-aerial hydrothermal systems associated with calc-alkaline to alkaline magmatism, in magmatic arcs at convergent plate margins, as well as intra-arc, back-arc, and post collisional rift settings

Answer 16

epithermal gold deposits

Question 17

it is a seawater convection and hydrothermal dissolution of metals from pervaded volcanic rocks

Answer 17

volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)

Question 18

in VMS Deposits, what is the mechanism for producing the ore?

Answer 18

1. seawater percoaltes through the hot (>300C) basaltic crust, dissolving oxides and sulfides
2. water discharges into the ocean, minerals precipitate as soon as water cools
3. copper, lead, zinc and silver are concentrated as volcanogenic massive sulfides

Question 19

types of VMS Deposits

Answer 19

1. kurko-type - intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks
2. besshi-type - mixed volcanic-sed envi
3. cyprus-type - ophiolite-related, extrusive basalts

Question 20

Bagacay and Sulat, Samar are what type of VMS Deposits?

Answer 20

Kuroko-type

Question 21

Canatuan is what type of VMS deposits?

Answer 21

besshi-type

Question 22

Barlo is what type of VMS Deposit?

Answer 22

cyprus-type

Question 23

residual type deposit characterized by preferential enrichment and depletion of certain immobile and mobile elements

Answer 23

nickel laterite deposits

Question 24

type of ore deposit that is typically created by chemical deposition

Answer 24

sedimentary ore dep

Question 25

how can metamorphism produce economic mineral deposits

Answer 25

mineralogical changes caused by the heat or pressure of metamorpshism (graphite and marble)