Orbits and satellites key info

Question 1

What are the planets?

Answer 1

these are large objects that orbit a star.

Question 2

List all of the identified objects in our solar system!

Answer 2

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Jupiter Uranus Neptune Keiper Belt

Question 3

What are dwarf planets?

Answer 3

These are planet-like objects that orbit stars but don’t meet all of the rules for being a planet.

Question 4

What do moons do and what are they?

Answer 4

Moons orbit planets and are a type of satellite.

Question 5

What are artificial satellites?

Answer 5

Are satellites that humans have built. They generally orbit the Earth

Question 6

Name one special aspect of Mercury

Answer 6

The closest planet to the sun

Question 7

Name one special aspect of Venus

Answer 7

Unbroken layer of sulfuric acid

Question 8

Name one special aspect about Earth

Answer 8

Water can be gas, liquid, solid

Question 9

Name one special aspect of Mars

Answer 9

The largest volcano in the solar system

Question 10

What is special about Jupiter

Answer 10

The largest planet in our solar system

Question 11

Name the ice giants

Answer 11

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 12

Name the inner plants

Answer 12

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Question 13

What is the centripetal force

Answer 13

Acts towards the centre of orbit

Question 14

Where are Geostationary satellites placed?

Answer 14

They are always placed in the same place in the sky.

Question 15

What are some examples of geostationary satellites?

Answer 15

Communication satellites and weather satellites

Question 16

How does the red-shift support the big bang theory

6 marks

Answer 16

Red-shift is when the wavelengths of observed light from a source are longer than that of the light emitted by the source.

This occurs when the source of light is moving away from the observer.

The light from galaxies that are further away from us is red-shifted more than the light from nearer galaxies.

This suggests that the universe is expanding.

Therefore galaxies are moving further away from us and each other.

The Big Bang theory is the theory that the universe began as a small region of space that was very hot and dense, which exploded and has been expanding ever since.

Question 17

Why do we not think that old galaxies die and new galaxies replace them?

Answer 17

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

Question 18

What are the limitations of using the balloon to represent galaxies?

Answer 18

There is only so much you can inflate the balloon.

Question 19

Why are telescopes that detect different types of electromagnetic waves used to observe the universe?

Answer 19

Galaxies emit different types of em waves.

Question 20

Explain why acceleration changes the planet’s velocity but not its speed

Answer 20

The acceleration acts along the radius of the orbit, towards the centre.

This means it acts at right angles to the planet’s speed.

Acceleration that is perpendicular to the direction of motion does not affect the speed of the motion, it just changes the direction.

Therefore, the speed of the planet is not changed by the acceleration.

Velocity is a vector quantity, with magnitude and direction.

the planet’s velocity is constantly changing because its direction is constantly changing.

Circular motion means that the planet to move on a circular path.

Question 21

What does constantly changing direction mean?

Answer 21

It is constantly accelerating

Question 22

Fill in the gaps

The object keeps ___________ towards what it’s orbiting but the ___________ _________ (which is at a right angle to the acceleration) kepps it travelling in a _____.

Answer 22

keeps, accelerating, instantaneous velocity, circle

Question 23

What is at a right angle to the acceleration of an orbit?

Answer 23

Instantaneous velocity.

Question 24

What force is directed towards the centre of the circle?

Answer 24

Centripetal force

Question 25

The ________ force would cause the object to ___ towards whatever it was orbiting, but as the object is already moving it just causes it to change _______

Answer 25

centripetal,fall,direction

Question 26

If an object is travelling in a circle it is constantly ______ _______ ,which means it is constantly accelerating.

Answer 26

changing direction

Question 27

Acceleration

Answer 27

The rate of the velocity