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chm 121 2023/2024 > Orbital Hybridization > Flashcards

Orbital Hybridization Flashcards

1
Q

What is hybridization

A

Hybridization can be defined as the phenomenon of mixing atomic orbitals of similar energies to form an equivalent number of entirely new orbitals of identical shape and energy called hybrid orbitals

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2
Q

What are hybrid orbitals?

A

Hybrid orbitals are orbitals formed from the combination of two or more atomic orbitals with similar energies

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3
Q

How many types of hybridization do we have

A

5

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4
Q

Name the types of hybridization we have in organic chemistry

A
  1. Sp
  2. Sp²
  3. Sp³
  4. dSP³
  5. d²SP³
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5
Q

The number of hybrid orbitals generated is also equal to ________

A

atomic orbitals combined/mixed

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6
Q

Hybridization happens only during ________ and not _________

A

Bond formation and isolated gaseous atom

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7
Q

The smaller load of the hybrid orbitals always have ________ sign

The bigger load of the hybrid orbitals always have ________ sign

A
  1. Negative
  2. Positive
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8
Q

How is SP³ hybridization formed

A

It is formed by One(1) “S” orbital and 3 “p” orbitals

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9
Q

Tetrahedral Hybridization is also known as what?

A

SP³ hybrid orbitals

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10
Q

The bond length of SP³ is _______?

A

154 picometer(Pm)

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11
Q

The bond energy of Sp³ is _______

A

348KJmol

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12
Q

Sp² hybridization is formed how?

A

It is formed when one “S” orbital and 2 “P” orbitals of equal energy are mixed together

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13
Q

Sp² hybridization is also called?

A

Trigonal hybridization

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14
Q

The bond angle is SP² hybridization is what?

A

120°

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15
Q

The percentage ratio of S character to P character in SP² hybridization is what?

A

33.33% : 66.66%

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16
Q

Examples of SP² hybridization are?

A
  1. All compounds of Boron i.e BF3 and BH3
  2. All compounds of carbon containing a carbon - carbon double bond. Ethylene (C2H4)
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17
Q

The bond length of ethylene is

A

134pm

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18
Q

The Bond angle in SP hybridization is

A

180°

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19
Q

SP hybridization is also known as?

A

Diagonal Hybridization

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20
Q

The ratio of S character to P character in SP hybridization is?

A

50% : 50%

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21
Q

The Bond length in ethylene is?

A

120pm

22
Q

How many physical properties of organic chemistry do we have

A

3

23
Q

Name the physical properties of organic chemistry?

A
  1. Bond Length
  2. Bond Strength
  3. Bond Rotation
24
Q

Hybrid orbitals are used to form what kind of bonds?

A

Sigma Bonds

25
Q

Uhybridized Orbitals are used to form what kind of bonds

A

π(Pi) bonds

26
Q

SP³ contains how many bonds? Name them

A

SP³ contains 1 bond which is sigma bond

27
Q

SP² contains how many bonds? Name them

A

SP² contains 2 bonds, which are 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond

28
Q

SP contains how many kind of bonds? Name them

A

SP contains 3 bonds
1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds

29
Q

Pi bonds are Stronger than Sigma bond
True/False?

A

False

30
Q

Sigma Bonds are stronger than Pi bonds
True/False

A

True

31
Q

Bond length is measured by what?

A

Neutron Diffraction

32
Q

Bond Strength is measured by what?

A

X-rays diffraction

33
Q

Bond Rotation is measured by?

A

Rotational Spectroscopy

34
Q

Bond dissociation energy for heterolytic is higher than homolytic
True/False

A

True

35
Q

Bond dissociation energy for homolytic is higher than heterolytic
True/False

A

False

36
Q

Bond dissociation energy for homolytic is lower than heterolytic
True/False

A

True

37
Q

Pi Bonds can rotate
True/False

A

False
Pi bonds can’t rotate because they are rigid

38
Q

How are Pi bonds created?

A

Pi bonds are created from overlapping P orbitals

39
Q

Double and Triple Bonds can’t rotate
Why?

A

Double and Triple Bonds can’t rotate because of the presence of Pi bonds in them. It prevent these bonds from rotating

40
Q

What is Bond Strength

A

Bond Strength is defined as the strength with which a chemical bond holds two atoms together

41
Q

The amount of energy produced when one mole of bonds generated from isolated atoms in the gaseous is referred to as?

A

Bond Energy

42
Q

The amount of energy necessary to dissolve one mole of bond present between the atoms in gaseous molecules is referred to as?

A

Bond Energy

43
Q

The amount of energy necessary to homolytically fracture a chemical bond is known as?

A

Bond dissociation energy

44
Q

The energy required to break a chemical bond is known as?

A

Dissociation Energy

45
Q

Only diatomic compounds have bond dissociation energy equal to bond energy
True/False

A

True

46
Q

The Si -F bond has the highest dissociation energy
True/False

A

True

47
Q

What is Bond length?

A

Bond length is the measure of the distance between the Nuclei of two chemically bonded atoms in a molecule

48
Q

Bond energy is the average value of bond dissociation energies of all bonds of a particular type of molecule
True/False

A

True

49
Q

What are the techniques for determining bond parameter experimentally?

A
  1. Rotational Spectroscopy
  2. X-rays diffraction
  3. Neutron Diffraction
50
Q

What is Bond angle

A

Bond angle can be defined as the angle formed between two covalent bonds that originate from the same atom

chm 121 2023/2024 (3 decks)

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