Orbital Hybridization Flashcards
What is hybridization
Hybridization can be defined as the phenomenon of mixing atomic orbitals of similar energies to form an equivalent number of entirely new orbitals of identical shape and energy called hybrid orbitals
What are hybrid orbitals?
Hybrid orbitals are orbitals formed from the combination of two or more atomic orbitals with similar energies
How many types of hybridization do we have
5
Name the types of hybridization we have in organic chemistry
- Sp
- Sp²
- Sp³
- dSP³
- d²SP³
The number of hybrid orbitals generated is also equal to ________
atomic orbitals combined/mixed
Hybridization happens only during ________ and not _________
Bond formation and isolated gaseous atom
The smaller load of the hybrid orbitals always have ________ sign
The bigger load of the hybrid orbitals always have ________ sign
- Negative
- Positive
How is SP³ hybridization formed
It is formed by One(1) “S” orbital and 3 “p” orbitals
Tetrahedral Hybridization is also known as what?
SP³ hybrid orbitals
The bond length of SP³ is _______?
154 picometer(Pm)
The bond energy of Sp³ is _______
348KJmol
Sp² hybridization is formed how?
It is formed when one “S” orbital and 2 “P” orbitals of equal energy are mixed together
Sp² hybridization is also called?
Trigonal hybridization
The bond angle is SP² hybridization is what?
120°
The percentage ratio of S character to P character in SP² hybridization is what?
33.33% : 66.66%
Examples of SP² hybridization are?
- All compounds of Boron i.e BF3 and BH3
- All compounds of carbon containing a carbon - carbon double bond. Ethylene (C2H4)
The bond length of ethylene is
134pm
The Bond angle in SP hybridization is
180°
SP hybridization is also known as?
Diagonal Hybridization
The ratio of S character to P character in SP hybridization is?
50% : 50%
The Bond length in ethylene is?
120pm
How many physical properties of organic chemistry do we have
3
Name the physical properties of organic chemistry?
- Bond Length
- Bond Strength
- Bond Rotation
Hybrid orbitals are used to form what kind of bonds?
Sigma Bonds
Uhybridized Orbitals are used to form what kind of bonds
π(Pi) bonds
SP³ contains how many bonds? Name them
SP³ contains 1 bond which is sigma bond
SP² contains how many bonds? Name them
SP² contains 2 bonds, which are 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond
SP contains how many kind of bonds? Name them
SP contains 3 bonds
1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds
Pi bonds are Stronger than Sigma bond
True/False?
False
Sigma Bonds are stronger than Pi bonds
True/False
True
Bond length is measured by what?
Neutron Diffraction
Bond Strength is measured by what?
X-rays diffraction
Bond Rotation is measured by?
Rotational Spectroscopy
Bond dissociation energy for heterolytic is higher than homolytic
True/False
True
Bond dissociation energy for homolytic is higher than heterolytic
True/False
False
Bond dissociation energy for homolytic is lower than heterolytic
True/False
True
Pi Bonds can rotate
True/False
False
Pi bonds can’t rotate because they are rigid
How are Pi bonds created?
Pi bonds are created from overlapping P orbitals
Double and Triple Bonds can’t rotate
Why?
Double and Triple Bonds can’t rotate because of the presence of Pi bonds in them. It prevent these bonds from rotating
What is Bond Strength
Bond Strength is defined as the strength with which a chemical bond holds two atoms together
The amount of energy produced when one mole of bonds generated from isolated atoms in the gaseous is referred to as?
Bond Energy
The amount of energy necessary to dissolve one mole of bond present between the atoms in gaseous molecules is referred to as?
Bond Energy
The amount of energy necessary to homolytically fracture a chemical bond is known as?
Bond dissociation energy
The energy required to break a chemical bond is known as?
Dissociation Energy
Only diatomic compounds have bond dissociation energy equal to bond energy
True/False
True
The Si -F bond has the highest dissociation energy
True/False
True
What is Bond length?
Bond length is the measure of the distance between the Nuclei of two chemically bonded atoms in a molecule
Bond energy is the average value of bond dissociation energies of all bonds of a particular type of molecule
True/False
True
What are the techniques for determining bond parameter experimentally?
- Rotational Spectroscopy
- X-rays diffraction
- Neutron Diffraction
What is Bond angle
Bond angle can be defined as the angle formed between two covalent bonds that originate from the same atom
