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Orbit > Orbit Volume 2 > Flashcards

Orbit Volume 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of proptosis in adults?

A

TAO

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2
Q

What condition is associated with “salmon-colored” mass of the conjunctival cul-de-sac?

A

Lymphoma

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3
Q

What condition is associated with vascular congestion over the insertion of the rectus muscles?

A

TAO

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4
Q

What condition is associated with “corkscrew” conjunctival vessels?

A

AVM

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5
Q

What condition is associated with an “S-shaped” eyelid?

A

NF Type I (plexiform neurofibroma)

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6
Q

What condition is associated with black-crusted lesions of the nasopharynx?

A

Phycomycoses

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7
Q

What rectus muscle is most commonly affected by TAO?

A

Inferior rectus muscle

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8
Q

What are the two most common ocular exam findings of TAO?

A

Lid retraction and upper lid lag on down gaze

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9
Q

What condition is associated with tortuous, dilated epibulbar vessels that stop short of the limbus?

A

Carotid cavernous fistula

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10
Q

What are the causes of the 3 types of congenital anophthalmia?

A

Primary-> failure of optic vesicle to form Secondary–> Anterior neural tube defect. Consecutive -> Secondary degeneration of the optic vesicle

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11
Q

What causes congenital microphthalmos with orbital cyst?

A

Failure of choroidal fissure to close in utero

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12
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closure of one or more sutures of the bones of the skull (results in variety of skeletal deformities)

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of preseptal cellulitis in children?

A

Sinusitis

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14
Q

What is the most common type of organism causing preseptal and orbital cellulitis in children?

A

Gram-positive cocci

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15
Q

What is the most common organism of preseptal cellulitis resulting from trauma?

A

S. aureus

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16
Q

What condition is associated with non-septate, large branching hyphae that stain with H&E on biopsy of orbital infection?

A

Phycomycoses

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17
Q

What condition is associated with positive methylamine-silver nitrate stain showing branching hyphae of uniform width on biopsy of orbital infection

A

Think aspergillosis

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18
Q

What is the typical order of surgery in a patient with TAO and proptosis, ptosis, and strabismus?

A

Orbital decompression, strabismus surgery, then eyelid repair

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19
Q

What condition is associated with noncaseating collections of epithelioid histiocytes in a granulomatous pattern?

A

Sarcoidosis

20
Q

What is the most common site of ocular involvement of sarcoidosis?

A

Lacrimal gland

21
Q

What is the most common benign orbital tumor of adults?

A

Cavernous hemangioma (most common in middle-aged women)

22
Q

What is the most common site of capillary hemangiomas?

A

Superonasal quadrant of the orbit and medial upper eyelid

23
Q

What condition is associated with multiple, grape-like cystic lesions with fluid layering of serum and RBCs seen on MRI of orbital mass?

A

Lymphangioma

24
Q

What is the treatment of choice of lymphangioma?

A

Deferment of surgery unless vision is affected

25
Q

What type of AV fistula is associated with trauma?

A

Carotid cavernous fistula

26
Q

What type of AV fistula is typically seen in older patients with HTN and atherosclerosis?

A

Dural cavernous fistula

27
Q

What is the most cranial nerve affected by cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

CN VI (due to vulnerable location within the middle of the cavernous sinus)

28
Q

What condition is associated with diffuse enlargement of extraocular muscles and enlarged superior ophthalmic vein on CT scan of patient with proptosis and pain?

A

Dural cavernous fistula

29
Q

What condition is associated with proptosis that increases when patient’s head is dependent or after Valsalava maneuver?

A

Orbital varix

30
Q

What is the primary type of cell associated with a neurofibroma?

A

Schwann cells

31
Q

What is the most common location of orbital meningioma?

A

Optic nerve sheath

32
Q

What condition is associated with orbital mass associated with “tram-tracking” on plain film x-ray?

A

Optic nerve sheath meningioma

33
Q

What condition is associated with orbital mass with biphasic pattern of nuclear palisading and myxoid areas?

A

Schwannoma

34
Q

What is the most common primary orbital malignancy of childhood?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma (average age of onset between 8-10 years)

35
Q

What is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Embryonal (typically associated with superonasal quadrant of orbit)

36
Q

What is the treatment of choice for patients with localized ocular adenexal lymphoproliferative disease?

A

Radiation

37
Q

What condition is associated with patient with lytic bone lesions and recurrent ocular inflammation?

A

Histiocytosis

38
Q

What is the most common epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

39
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor of the lacrimal gland?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

40
Q

What is the most common epithelial tumor secondarily invading the orbit?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q

What type of leukemia is most likely to metastasize to the orbit?

A

ALL

42
Q

What is the most malignant form of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Alveolar

43
Q

What is the most common primary source of orbital metastasis in women?

A

Breast cancer

44
Q

What is the most common source of orbital metastasis in men?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

45
Q

What type of rhabdomyosarcoma has the best prognosis?

A

Pleomorphic

46
Q

What is the most common orbital neoplasm?

A

Fibrous histiocytoma

47
Q

Following extraocular muscles, what is the most common site of metastatic tumor to the orbit?

A

Bone marrow of the sphenoid bone

Orbit (3 decks)

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