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Anat II: Orbit > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Opens up at apex of orbit to cranial cavity
Associated with the lesser wing of the Sphenoid
Contents: CN II (optic nerve) & Ophthalmic artery

A

Optic Canal

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2
Q

Bordered by the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid…goes to cranial cavity
Contents: III, IV, V, VI and superior ophthalmic veins

A

Superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

Goes to the infratemporal and sphenopalatine fossa

Contents: infraorbital n, a, v.

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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4
Q

Contains supraorbital n,a, v

A

Supraorbital foramen

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5
Q

Leads to the floor of the orbit where it is continuous with the infraorbital groove (sulcus)
Contains infraorbital bundle

A

Infraorbital foramen

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6
Q

On the medial wall of the orbit connects to ethmoid air cells
Contains ethmoidal bundle

A

Ethmoidal foramina

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7
Q

Contains nasolacrimal duct

A

Nasolacrimal canal

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8
Q

Formed by the orbital process (plate) of the frontal bone and the lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Relatively thin and separates the orbit from the Anterior cranial fossa

A

Roof of the orbit

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9
Q

Formed by the orbital process of the maxillae (Very thin and fragile), Zygomatic bone, and the orbital process of the Palatine bone

Quite thin and separates the orbit from the Maxillary sinus

A

Floor of the Orbit

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10
Q

Small part of the orbital floor near the apex

A

Orbital process of the Palatine bone

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11
Q

Formed by the frontal process of maxilla, Lacrimal bone, and the Orbital process of the Ethmoid bone

Exceptionally thin and fragile - separates orbit from ethmoid air cells and nasal cavity

A

Medial wall of the Orbit

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12
Q

Formed by the Zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the Sphenoid bone

Thickest/strongest surface of orbit because by side of head (most vulnerable area)

A

Lateral wall of the orbit

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13
Q

Palpebra

A

Eyelid

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14
Q

Cilia

A

Eyelashes

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15
Q

Supercilia

A

Hairs of eyebrows

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16
Q

Edges of the palpebral fissure

Lateral = temporal
Medial = nasal
A

Canthi

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17
Q

Fleshy prominence at medial canthus; includes sweat and sebaceous glands

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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18
Q

Fleshy bump on superior and inferior palpebrae

A

Lacrimal papilla

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19
Q

At lacrimal papilla; a pinhole opening that permits draining of lacrimal fluid (tears) of cornea

A

Lacrimal puncta

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20
Q

Deep to skin and muscle of eyelids
Plates or sheets of dense fibrous connective tissue
Helps to maintain the shape of the eyelids

A

Tarsal Plates

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21
Q

Meibomian glands
Embedded in tarsal plates
Can be seen if eyelids are inverted
Modified sebaceous glands - lipid like secretions
Open up along the margins of the eyelids
Functions: secretions to spread along margins of eyelids: lubricate the margins and increase surface tension

A

Tarsal glands

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22
Q

Ciliary gland - small sweat glands

A

Glands of Moll

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23
Q

Ciliary gland: small sebaceous glands

A

Glands of Zeis

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24
Q

Hordeolum

Infected gland of the eyelid

A

Sty

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25
Q

Plugged gland becomes big cyst-like structure

A

Chalazion

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26
Q

Covering of mucus membrane (transparent) has 2 portions:
Palpebral - covers the inner surface of the eyelids
Bulbar - reflects onto the “bulb” eyeball and continuous with outer cornea

A

Conjunctiva

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27
Q

Recesses of the conjunctiva

Inferior and superior - where the palpebral conjunctiva meets the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Fornices

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28
Q

Structures responsible for secreting lacrimal fluid through a series of ducts

A

Nasolacrimal Apparatus

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29
Q

Size and shape of almond
Located in superolateral position of the anterior orbit
Secretes lacrimal fluid through a series of ducts onto the cornea
Process = lacrimation of serous/watery fluid
Functions: circulate across the corneal surface and across the inner eyelids, and moistens cleans and lubricates “protection”

A

Lacrimal gland

30
Q

Secretomotor - control lacrimation
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers: VII n. branch - greater petrosal n.
Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons associated with sphenopalatine ganglion

A

Parasympathetic (fibers) Innervations of lacrimal gland

31
Q

Vasomotor innervation

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons associated with superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic chain

A

Sympathetic fibers innervation of lacrimal gland

32
Q

Secretion of lacrimal fluid by series of small ducts onto the superolateral eyeball where it is distributed towards the medial canthus by blinking
- drains off the cornea through lacrimal puncta to lacrimal canaliculi to lacrimal sac to nasolacrimal duct which opens into the inferior meat is of the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal conducting system

33
Q

Periosteal layer of orbital fascia lining the orbit encapsulates all orbital structures and easily separates from the bones of the orbit

A

Periorbita

34
Q

Orbital fascia
Outer meningeal layer of the optic nerve
Follows the optic nerve to the posterior eyeball where it becomes continuous with the sclera of the eyeball

A

Orbital Dura

35
Q

Helps maintain the position of orbital structures (packing material)
Helps fork soft socket for the eyeball

A

Orbital fat

36
Q

Smooth thin membranous layer of fascia of orbital fat posterior to eyeball

A

Tenons capsule = fascia bulbi

37
Q

Potential space between the sclera and the tenons capsule

A

Episcleral space

38
Q

4 Extrinsic eyeball muscles (Lateral, Medial, Inferior, and Superior)
All originate near the posterior orbit from a common tendon = Annulus tendineous/ Common tendon of Zinn

A

Recti muscles

39
Q

Ring-like tendon

Located at the apex of the orbit near the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure

A

Annulus tendineous = Common tendon of Zinn

40
Q

I : lateral sclera of the eyeball
N: VI (abducens)
A: pure action- abduction of eye (away from midline)

A

Lateral rectus m.

41
Q

I: medial sclera of eyeball
N: III oculomotor n.
A: fairly pure - Adduction

A

Medial Rectus m.

42
Q

I: Sclera of the inferior aspect of the eyeball (ant./med. to vertical axis)
N: III oculomotor n.
A: Depression (principle), Adduction, and Extorsion (lateral rotation)

A

Inferior Rectus

43
Q

I: Superior sclera (ant/med to vertical axis)
N: III oculomotor
A: elevation (principle), Adduction, Intorsion (medial rotation)

A

Superior rectus m.

44
Q

O: body of sphenoid bone above annulus tendineous at orbital apex
I: tendon of insertion passes through the trochlea and inserts to the sclera on the superior/lateral eyeball
I: IV (trochlear n.)
A: Depression (principle), Abduction, Medial rotation (Intorsion)

A

Superior Oblique m.

45
Q

O: Floor of the orbit at the anteromedial aspect
I: lateral and posterior aspect of the eyeball
N: III oculomotor
A: elevation (principle), abduction, Extorsion (lateral rotation)

A

Inferior Oblique m.

46
Q

Fibrocartilaginous loop or sling of tissue

Located on the anterosuperomedial aspect of the orbit

A

Trochlea

47
Q

Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus

A

Adductors of eyeball

48
Q

Inferior oblique
Superior oblique
Lateral rectus

A

Abductors of eye

49
Q

Inferior oblique

Superior rectus

A

Elevators of eye

50
Q

Superior oblique

Inferior rectus

A

Depressors of eye

51
Q

Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus

A

Rotators of eye

52
Q

Superior rectus

Superior oblique

A

Medial rotators

53
Q

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

A

Lateral rotators

54
Q

O: orbital apex - passes over the superior orbit
I: Superior tarsal plate/ superior palpebra
N: III oculomotor
A: Elevate the superior eyelid/palpebra (if paralyzed eyelid will droop -ptosis)

A

Levator Palpebra Superioris

55
Q 
Accessory muscles of the orbit
Muscles of the eyelids 
Smooth muscle
N: Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
A: assist in elevating the sup. palpebrum and depressing the inf. palpebrum
A

Tarsal muscles (inf. & sup.)

56
Q

Genioglossus

A

Extrinsic tongue muscle
Fan-shaped
O: Genion of mandible
I: Tongue
N: XII n.
A: Billateral - Protrude and depress tongue
Unilateral - tongue deviate towards contralateral side when protruding

57
Q

Styloglossus

A 
Extrinsic tongue muscle
O: Styloid process
I: Tongue
N: XII n.
A: retract and elevate tongue
58
Q

Hyoglossus

A 
Extrinsic tongue muscle
O: Hyoid bone
I: Tongue
N: XII n.
A: Retract & depress tongue
59
Q

Palatoglossus

A 
Extrinsic tongue muscle
O: Palate
I: Tongue (side)
N: X n.
A: Fauces sphincter & elevates tongue
60
Q

Levator Veli Palatini

A

O: Temporal bone and Eustacian tube cartilage
I: Soft palate
A: Elevate & retract palate
N: X n.

muscle of palate

61
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

O: Sphenoid bone & Eustachian tube cartilage
I: Soft palate
A: tighten and flattens soft palate
N: V3 (mandibular)

muscle of palate

62
Q

Musculus Uvulae

A

O: hard palate
I: Uvula of soft palate
A: elevates uvula
N: X n.

muscle of palate

63
Q

Palatoglossus

A

O: Palate
I: tongue (side)
A: Sphincter of fauces and elevates tongue
N: X n.

muscle of palate

64
Q

Palatoglossal fold

A

fold of mucous membrane covers palatoglossus m.

65
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

O: Hard and soft palate
I: lateral wall of pharynx
A: elevates the pharynx (swallowing m.)
N: X n.

muscle of palate

66
Q

Palatopharyngeal fold

A

mucous membrane covers palatopharyngeal muscle

67
Q

O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: Medial surface of ramus of mandible @ angle
A: Elevates, contralaterally deviates and protracts mandible
N: medial pterygoid n. of V3

A

Medial Pterygoid

68
Q

O: inf- Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Sup- greater wing of the sphenoid
I: neck of mandibular condyle, TMJ capsule and articulate disc
A: Depresses, contralaterally deviates and protracts the mandible
N: lateral pterygoid n. of V3

A

Lateral Pterygoid

69
Q

O: Zygomatic arch
I: Lateral surface of mandibular ramus
A: Elevates and protrude the mandible
N: Masseteric nerve of V3

A

Masseter

70
Q

O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandibular ramus
A: Elevates and retracts the mandible
N: Deep Temporal nerves of V3

A

Temporalis

Anat II: Orbit (1 decks)

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