Oral viral infections 2

Question 1

pathogenesis of varicella zoster

Answer 1

primary infection - varicella, chickenpox
reactivation - zoster, shingles

Question 2

clinical features of varicella

Answer 2

incubation period of 10-21 days
flu like symptoms
rash (vesicles or blisters, very itchy affects whole body)

Question 3

clinical features of zoster

Answer 3

vesicles/rash appear in dermatome representing cranial or spinal ganglia where virus has been dormant
affected area will be painful and have paraesthesia

Question 4

herpes zoster treatment

Answer 4

requires GMP or specialist

aciclovir 800mg tablets, 1 tablet 5x daily for 7 days (shingles pack)

Question 5

koplik spots

Answer 5

prodromal feature of measles
small white spots within mouth

Question 6

medical terminology for mumps

Answer 6

parotitis

Question 7

what type of drug is aciclovir

Answer 7

antiviral
acyclic nucleoside analogue

Question 8

what is aciclovir used to treat

Answer 8

human herpes viruses - most commonly HSV1,2 and varicella zoster

Question 9

aciclovir mechanism of action

Answer 9

activated by thymidine kinase which is only present in infected cells
activated aciclovir (aciclovir triphosphate) competitively inhibits DNA polymerase - acts as a defective guanine molecule

Question 10

what methods of delivery are available for aciclovir

Answer 10

topical
systemic
intravenous

Question 11

mechanism of resistance to aciclovir

Answer 11

almost all in HIV patients
mutated thymidine kinase

Question 12

what type of virus is Coxsackie A

Answer 12

enterovirus

polio is also an enterovirus

Question 13

what disease can coxsackie A lead to

Answer 13

hand, foot and mouth disease

Question 14

clinical features of hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 14

runny nose, fever, sneezing, cough
body and muscle aches
painfull red blisters on throat, tongue, palate, mucosa, palms of hands and soles of feet