Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS4 VIROLOGY > Oral Viral Infections > Flashcards

Oral Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What size is the human herpes virus?

A

0.1-0.2um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What size is bacteria?

A

1-3um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What size are RBCs?

A

7-8um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some characteristics of viruses?

A
  • small size
  • simple chemical composition
  • no intracellular organelles
  • genetic information as DNA or RNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the key stages of replication of the Herpes Simplex virus?

A

1 = binding
2 = entry
3 = release & nuclear transport
4 = nuclear entry
5 = gene expression
6 = DNA replication
7 = packaging
8 = egress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the first principle of laboratory diagnosis?

A

good history & examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the principles of a lab diagnosis?

A
  • good history & exam
  • give provisional diagnosis
  • diagnosis from swab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a method of specimen retrieval?

A

viral swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is a viral swab taken?

A
  • use flocked swab
  • place in molecular sample solution (MSS)
  • after immersion remove swab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are blood samples sent for viral inspection?

A
  • EDTA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should be included on a virology request form?

A
  • Pt details & clinician details (include phone number)
  • clinical details & provisional diagnosis
  • date of onset
  • patient DOB or CHI number
  • specify test you require
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Herpex Simplex virus look under the SEM microscope?

A

fried egg appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some common features of the human herpes virus?

A
  • primary infection –> latency –> secondary infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of herpes simples type 1 & 2?

A
  • gingivo stomatitis
  • herpes labialis
  • keratoconjunctivitis
  • herpectic whitlow
  • Bell’s palsy
  • genital herpes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how common is the herpes simplex virus?

A

around >90% of population have it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the reservoir for the herpes simplex virus?

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the route of transmission of the herpes simplex virus?

A

direct by close person to person contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is herpes most commonly occuring?

A

childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is herpes simplex treated to prevent recurrent infection in difficult cases?

A

ACV 200mg x 5 daily (chemoprophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is antiviral therapy used to treat herpes simplex infections?

A
  • topical therapy with ACV (aciclovir cream 5%)
  • IV therapy for severe & immunosuppressed
21
Q

What is the incubation period for varicella (chickenpox)?

A

10-21 days

22
Q

what are some complications associated with varicella (chickenpox) infections?

A
  • secondary bacterial infections
  • pneumonia
  • congenital, perinatal/neonatal problems
23
Q

What are the clinical features of the zoster (shingles) virus?

A
  • vesicles appear in dermatome, representing cranial or spinal ganglia where the virus has been dormant
  • affected area may be intensely painful with associated parathesia
24
Q

What are some complications of the zoster (shingles) virus?

A
  • post herpetic neuralgia
  • secondary bacterial infections
  • ophthalmic zoster
  • ramsay hunt syndrome
25
Q

What are the steps of infection of the vericella - zoster virus?

A
  1. primary infection = infection with varicella zoster virus
  2. remains latent in the sensory ganglion (trigeminal)
  3. reactivation of latent virus from sensory ganglion
26
Q

What is the route of transmission of the varicella-zoster virus?

A

direct contact
- droplet or airborne spread

27
Q

In which population is the varicella virus most common?

A

children

28
Q

In which population is the zoster virus most common?

A

elderly & immunocompromised

29
Q

How is shingles treated?

A

Aciclover: 800mg Oral x 5 daily for 7 days

30
Q

How can zoster infection be prevented?

A

Vaccine - Zostavax

31
Q

When is Zostavax given?

A

All people aged 70 + years old

31
Q

What type of vaccine is Zostavax?

A

live attenuated virus

32
Q

What disease does enterovirus infection cause?

A

hand, food & mouth disease

33
Q

What are the symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease?

A
  • fever
  • runny nose
  • sneezing & cough
  • skin rash
  • mouth blisters
  • body & muscle aches
34
Q

What is the dentally relevant non-polio enterovirus?

A

Coxsackie virus

35
Q

How is hand, foot & mouth disease treated?

A

No active medical treatment
- relieve symptoms
- prevent dehydration

36
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of measles 7-14 days after exposure?

A
  • high fever
  • cough
  • runny nose
  • conjunctivitis
37
Q

How does measles present clinically?

A
  • begins with tiny white spots inside mouth (Koplik spots)
  • rash begins on face & spreads downwards
38
Q

What complications can arise from measles infection?

A
  • pneumonia
  • diarrhoea
  • hearing loss
  • brain swelling
  • death (extreme)
39
Q

How does measles spread?

A

RNA virus spreads via airborne transmission OR direct contact with infected respiratory secretions

40
Q

What is the incubation period of mumps?

A

12-24 days

41
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps?

A
  • headache
  • fever
  • swelling of parotid gland
42
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

direct contact with saliva/fomites or aerosol

43
Q

What type of human papilloma virus is a risk factor for development of head & neck cancer?

A

HPV-16

44
Q

What is aciclovir?

A

acrylic purine nucleoside

45
Q

How does aciclovir work?

A
  1. viral enzymes add a phosphate group to aciclovir
  2. human enzymes add 2 more phosphate groups, producing aciclovir triphosphate
  3. during viral DNA replication, acicloir is added to growing strand rather than GTP & this halts viral replication
46
Q

What is aciclovir used for?

A

Treatment of:
- herpes simplex (cold sores)
- zoster (shingles) infections

47
Q
A

BDS4 VIROLOGY (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions