Oral viral diseases

Question 1

what are some characteristics of viruses

Answer 1

small, no intracellular organelles, simple chemical composition, genetic information in DNA or RNA

Question 2

what are the 8 key stages of replication for herpes simplex virus

Answer 2

binding, entry, nuclear transport, nuclear entry, gene expression, DNA replication, packaging, egress

Question 3

describe a maculo papular lesion and give and example

Answer 3

macular - red, discoloured papular - enlarged, circumscribed, solid elevated area, measles, rubella, enterovirus

Question 4

describe a vesicular lesion and give an example

Answer 4

small, fluid filled sac - blister, HSV 1 and 2

Question 5

describe an ulcer lesion and give an example

Answer 5

eaten away or gnawed at tissue, erosion, enterovirus, HSV

Question 6

what immunoglobins are responsible for the primary response and secondary response

Answer 6

primary response - IgM
secondary response - IgG

Question 7

what is the common feature of human herpes virus

Answer 7

primary infection, followed by latency for a period of time, followed by secondary infection

Question 8

what is the pathogenesis of human herpes virus

Answer 8

infection in epithelial cells, due to broken down membrane. causes lytic infection. can travel retrograde along nerve cells to ganglion - the trigeminal ganglion in head and neck. can lie dormant for a period of time. then can travel anterograde back to epithelial cells to cause a secondary infection. takes time to travel so once it starts replicating in nerve cells - can get tingling sensation before reappearance

Question 9

what is the mode of transmission for herpes simplex virus

Answer 9

close, direct person to person. reservoir is saliva

Question 10

how is herpes simplex virus treated

Answer 10

topical therapy 5% aciclovir
IV or oral for immunosupressed

Question 11

what are clinical features of varicella virus

Answer 11

chicken pox - vesicles all over epithelial surfaces

Question 12

how can varicella go on to cause zoster virus

Answer 12

primary infection of varicella, then lies dormant in nerve cell ganglia, disease then reactivates when immunosuppressed to form secondary infection. shingles - vesicles on area supplied by this nerve, stops at midline

Question 13

what is a complication of varicella zoster

Answer 13

post herpetic neuralgia - very painful

Question 14

how is varicella zoster virus treated

Answer 14

aciclovir 800mg 5x a day for 7 days + referral to specialist

Question 15

what are clinical features of enterovirus

Answer 15

hand, foot and mouth. fever, runny nose, plus blisters on hands, feet and mouth, skin rash and mouth ulcers

Question 16

what are kopliks spots and what virus are they a feature of

Answer 16

small, white spots on oral mucous, in measles

Question 17

what is clinical feature of mumps

Answer 17

parotitis - inflammation of parotid gland, swelling, headache and fever

Question 18

how does acyclovir work

Answer 18

it mimics deoxy guanine, becomes encorporated into growing DNA chain, but it is defective thus prevents further addition. blocks DNA polymerase

Question 19

what enzyme is important in encorporating acyclovir

Answer 19

thymidine kinase

Question 20

what is one downfall of acyclovir

Answer 20

it is not effective in latent stage - only when the virus is actively replicating