Oral Surery Flashcards
how many upper forceps are there and what are they?
6 straight ant universal molar L molar R bayonet third molar bayonet root
how many lower forceps are there and what are they?
4 universal molar cowhorn root
how to tell the difference between upper and lower forceps?
upper = beak in line with handle lower = beak at 90degrees
how to tell the upper ant and upper universal apart?
same beak tips
universal hand is much more curved
ant is straight
can both be used for premolars but the universal are more curved which can make these favourable for reaching the premolars
how to tell the upper and lower root and universal forceps apart?
they have the same curved handle (upper) but the root forceps tip is smaller
which upper ant tooth needs the root forceps instead of the ant forceps sometimes?
lateral as its small and the beak of the ant forcep might be too wide
why are the upper bayonet tips a Z shape?
to reach further back in the mouth
how to tell upper molar left and right apart?
beak to cheek
how many roots does an upper molar have?
3 - 2B and 1P
what is the upper bayonet root forceps for?
remaining roots
laterals
why does the upper bayonet third molar forceps not have beaks?
as the 8s are so variable
which teeth are removed with the lower universal forceps?
5-5
anything single root
how to identify the lower cowhorn forceps?
very curved tips which touch - to squeeze out tooth
which teeth should lower cowhorn forceps be used on?
lower teeth with 2 separate roots - often 6s
how to identify lower molar forceps?
both tips have beaks as roots of lower are M and D so both beaks engage a furcation
if extracting from which quadrant do you stand behind their right shoulder?
lower right - 4
otherwise stand in front of the patient
patient chair position for an upper extraction?
45-90 degrees back - more upright than lower
patient position for lower extraction?
45-0 degrees back - flatter
for which extraction does the mandible need to be supported?
lower molars
technique of extraction ?
place forceps as far down root as possible
support alveolar bone with 2 fingers of the non extracting hand
apply apical pressure
check in 10 mins for haemostasis and do post op instructions
forms of apical pressure when extracting a posterior tooth?
figure of 8
buccal expansion
apical pressure when extracting an anterior tooth?
rotation and buccal expansion
post op instructions for pain?
expected when LA wears off in 5 hours ish
variable but settles in 1-2 days
normal painkillers 1-2 hours before LA wears off for 3 days after that get prescribed if it persists
ibuprofen is best
post op instructions for bleeding?
to prevent : don’t explore socket /eat hot/hard foods/drink alcohol for 24 hours / eat to other side of mouth / don’t rinse for 24 hours
do brush teeth normal / chlorhexidine mouthwash
if t bleeds : damp tissue bite on for 20-30 mins, again for 1hour if persists, contact practice if persists
post op instructions for healing?
don’t smoke as it delays healing and drys the socket making it sore
post op instructions for other possible symptoms?
adjacent teeth sensitive pain of TMJ/MOM limited mouth opening - settles 1-2 wks swelling - resolves in weeks, contact us if it increases after 2-3 days or think its infected - cold pack for 5 mins possible bruising
why do we use elevators and luxators?
to aid mobility prior to using forceps
difference between elevators and luxators?
LOOK AT TIPS
luxator is rounded at the tip and couplings is flat and sharp
what is a luxator used for?
to sever and tear the PDL = mobility
how do elevators work?
create space by using one of the following movements
- wedge
- lever
- wheel and axel
how many warrick james elevators are there and what are they?
3
left
straight
right
how to tell left and right warrick james and cryers elevators apart?
hold them with the tips facing inward and then the L is in L and and R in R and
note : cryers the tip must be facing inwards and upwards
which tooth extraction are warrick james especially helpful in?
8s
how many cryers elevators are there?
2 L and R
where are cryers elevators most useful?
furcation of molars
how to hold an elevator/luxator?
put it in palm of hand and curl thumb, middle, ring and pinky round handle
index finger on shank for support and control
how to use a luxator?
luxate in B sulucs M->D
use buccally
why place 2 fingers on bone when extracting a tooth?
supports bone
prevents bone fracture
retracts tissue
how to use a couplings elevator?
lever : in IP at 90 degrees to long axis and try to hook under the crown and pus it up
wedge : in at 45 degrees to long axis, twisting M->D
find a good application point to help you best apply the motion
use buccally ideally M->D
which elevtaor uses the wheel and axel motion?
cryers
