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Gary's lecture (Pharmaceutics) > Oral solid dosage forms (capsules) > Flashcards

Oral solid dosage forms (capsules) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of capsules?

A

-hard and soft gelatin capsules

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2
Q

Capsule manufcature avoids certain processes i.e impaction, possibly granulation drying if wet granulation is used . TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Capsules may be used to increase bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Capsule formulation has a range of formulation types, means also that there are a range of ways of delivering drugs. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What is hard gelatin capsules composed of?

A

-Edible packaged composed of gelatin or occasionally polymers/starch

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6
Q

Gelatin is derived from animal tissue. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Capsules consits of cap and body. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Capsules are usually filled with powders but are increasingly being used for liquid filled systems. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Capsule has a locking device via indentations on outside of body and or inside of cap. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What equipment is used to fill capsules?

A

A dosator

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11
Q

What does a dosator contain?

A
  • A dosing tube in which there is a spring loaded piston
  • A tube plunged into powder bed, powder rises in the tube to form a plug
  • The tube rises out of the powder bed, moves over capsule body and the plunger moves down depositing powder in shell
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12
Q

The dose is determined by the volume of plug in the dosator . TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Industrial scale may be dependent or independent. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Dependent uses the capsule doby directly to measure the powder. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

independent is most commonly used for large pharma as it is significantly faster. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What are the two types of gelatin?

A

Type A and B

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17
Q

What is type A gelatin?

A
  • From the acid treatment of pig skin using HCL,H2SO4 for approximately one day
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18
Q

What is type B gelatin?

A

-Alkaline treatment of demineralised bones by placement in a slurry of calcium hydroxide for 1-3 months

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19
Q

Type A and B gelatin have different physicochemical properties. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What are the different physicochemical properties that type A and B gelatin have?

A
  • isoelectric points
  • Solubility varies as a function of pH
  • Different range of molecular weights
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21
Q

The grade and qaulity of gelatin is defined by the bloom strength. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What is hard gelatin capsules filled with?

A

-Powder or granules

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23
Q

Particle size should be uniform and consistent to ensure even flow and dosing during filling. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Filling of capsules may be granulated which reduces problems with irregular shapes in capsules. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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25
Q

Hard gelatin capsules can also be filled with liquid or semisolid formulation into which the drug is dispersed or dissolved. TRUE OR FALSE?

26
Q

Capsulesare used for materials that can not be easily formulated as a tablet due to what reasons?

A
  • Change polymorphic form or compression
  • Degrade on compression
  • Sensitivity to water and not easily dry granulated
  • advantages associated with delivering liquid/dispersed systems
27
Q

Colourants are either soluble dyes or insoluble pirments. TRUE OR FALSE?

28
Q

How are HGCs manufactured?

A
  • A concentrated gelatin solution is prepared in hot demiralised water
  • Moulds mounted on metal bars and are dipped into gelatin
  • Removed with film of gelatin, rotated to ensure uniform thickness then passed through series of drying kilns, stripped off pins and cut to size and two halves joined together
29
Q

What typical excipients are used for HGCs?

A
  • Diluents (starch, lactose)/helps make dose manageable
  • Glidants (to reduce interparticulate adhesion)
  • Lubricants (e.g magnesium stearate)/reduces adhesion to metals
30
Q

Gelatin capsules readily soluble at 37 degrees but this decreases dramatically as temperature drops. TRUE OR FALSE?

31
Q

Drugs with a large surface area wil theoretically dissolve quickly. TRUE OR FALSE?

32
Q

If aggregation occurs, effective surface area will decrease. TRUE OR FALSE?

33
Q

Tightly packed small particles will not hinder water penetration. TRUE OR FALSE?

34
Q

Lubricants and glidants tend to reduce wetting. TRUE OR FALSE? t

35
Q

Pellets may not be filled into capsules particularly in the context of controlled released oral formulations. TRUE OR FALSE?

36
Q

Solid dipsersion are used for drugs that have poor solubilities and bioavailability. TRUE OR FALSE?

37
Q

What are the two sealing methods for capsules?

A
  • Hydro-alcoholic fusion process

- Banding the cap body interface with a thin strip of gelatin

38
Q

What do soft gelatin capsules unit consist of?

A

-A continous gelatin shell with pliable gelatin coat containing liquids or semisolids

39
Q

The oval soft gelatin capsules are the most common. TRUE OR FALSE?

40
Q

What are the advantages of soft gelatin capsules?

A
  • Avoids handling and compression properties associated with tablets
  • May improve oral bioavailability
  • Means of formulation liquids
  • Stability may be improved
  • Difficult to counterfreit
  • Aesthetically pleasing
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of SEGs?

A
  • Specialist equipment required
  • Different formulation knwledge base required
  • Increased cost compared to conventional capsules and tablets
42
Q

What is the shell consisted of of soft gelatin capsules?

A
  • Gelatin
  • Plsticisers
  • Water
  • plus preservatives, flavours, colourants
43
Q

What can SEGs be filled with (formulation issues)?

A
  • water-immiscible oils
  • water immiscible liquids
  • suspensions
44
Q

Drig bioavailability can be increased significantly depending on the vehicle used. TRUE OR FALSE?

45
Q

Acid soluble drugs tends to dissolve in the stomach and be well distributed thorugh GI tract. TRUE OR FALSE?

46
Q

Acid insoluble drugs tend to precipitate in stomach as fine suspension. TRUE OR FALSE?

47
Q

SEGs have higher SA for dissolution and absorption, so can see marked improvements in bioavailability compared to tablets. TRUE OR FALSE?

48
Q

Oil miscible vehicles cannot improve bioavailability. TRUE OR FALSE?

49
Q

Many drugs are not absorbed better after a meal. TRUE OR FALSE?

50
Q

Many drugs have been shown not to absorbed more rapidly and completely when given in an oil e.g progesterone, testosterone. TRUE OR FALSE?

51
Q

Self emulsifying vehilcles / nano and micro emulsions can greatly improve bioavailability. TRUE OR FALSE?

52
Q

What are the advantages of poweder/granules?>

A
  • Convenient for large doses

- faster drug absorption from tablets or capsules

53
Q

What are the disads of powder/granules?

A
  • Inconvenient for patient to carry around
  • unpleasant tastes
  • Potent drugs
54
Q

Lozenges are not sugar based. TRUE OR FALSE?

55
Q

Pastilles are gelatin and glycerol based. TRUE OR FALSE?

56
Q

Lozenges and pastilles are popular for cough and cold remedies. TRUE OR FALSE?

57
Q

Gums are not nicotine based? TRUE OR FALSE?

58
Q

What is the oral bioavailability for gums?

59
Q

What are the diads for gums?

A

-Taste, not suitable for denture wearers

60
Q

Oral lyophilisates are freeze dried formulations? true or false?

61
Q

Oral lyophilisates has rapid release into the mouth. TRUYE OR FALSE?

Gary's lecture (Pharmaceutics) (7 decks)

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