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Chief Mate Yacht 3000 > Oral Prep > Flashcards

Oral Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Stability

A

The ability of a vessel to return to the upright position when inclined from upright by external force.

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2
Q

Light Displacement

A

Weight at light draught. Water in engine, cooling system and fuel in engine tank, but no fuel or water in tanks, no cargo, no crew or stores onboard.

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3
Q

Displacement

A

Weight of vessel at any given draught, including everything onboard.

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4
Q

Load Displacement

A

Displacement at load draught.

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5
Q

Deadweight

A

The weight of everything onboard that is not part of the light displacement. (Cargo, fish, fuel, water, stores and crew).

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6
Q

Deadweight

A

The weight of everything onboard that is not part of the light displacement. (Cargo, fish, fuel, water, stores and crew).

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7
Q

Draught

A

Vertical distance from the waterline to the bottom of keel.

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8
Q

Freeboard

A

Distance from the waterline to the lowest watertight deck. Top of deck line.

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9
Q

Law of Floatation

A

When a vessel floats, the weight of the vessel is supported by the buoyancy of the water. It displaces a weight of water equal to the weight of the vessel.

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10
Q

Freshwater Allowance

A

Difference between draught in fresh vs salt water.

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11
Q

Loll

A

Unstable but not capsized.

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12
Q

MTC Moment to change trim

A

Moment to change trim. The number of metric tonnes it takes to change trim by 1cm. Found in the hydrostatic table.

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13
Q

Angles of Flooding

A

The angle the sill or coamings of opening, in or above the freeboard deck first reach the water level.

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14
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

A body which is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will experience an up thrust or loss of weight equal to the mass of the fluid displaced.

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15
Q

1 Radian

A

57.3 degrees

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16
Q

Min GM for MV and Fishing

A

MV 0.15m Fishing 0.35m

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17
Q

Min GZ

A

0.2m

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18
Q

Angle at max GZ

A

30 degrees or more

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19
Q

Area to 30 degrees stability curve

A

min 0.055 mRads

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20
Q

Area to 40 degrees stability curve

A

min 0.090 mRads

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21
Q

Area 30-40 degrees stability curve

A

min 0.030 mRads

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22
Q

6 Stability criteria of GZ curve.

A

Must meet 1.

GM MV0.15m FV0.35m
Min GZ 0.2m
Angle at max GZ 30 degrees or more
Area to 30 degrees min 0.055mRads
Area to 40 degrees min 0.090mRads
Area 30-40 degrees min 0.030mRads

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23
Q

GZ

A

Righting lever

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24
Q

Stiff Ship

A

Big righting lever.

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25
Q

Tender Vessel

A

Small positive GM.

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26
Q

6 Degrees of Freedom

A

Roll
Pitch
Yaw
Surge
Sway
Heave

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27
Q

Ship Stresses

A

Longitudinal:
Bending - Hogging and Sagging
Shearing

Tension
Compression
Torque

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28
Q

Parametric rolling

A

Corkscrew

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29
Q

Advantages of Passage Planning

A

-OOW less likely to overlook data
-Contingencies identified
-Rest periods can be planned
-Problem areas identified

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30
Q

References for Passage Planning

A

SOLAS ch5
ICS Bridge Procedures Guide
IMO Resolution A.893

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31
Q

UNCLOS

A

United nations convention on law of the sea.
<12 all laws
12-24 Contiguous zone - customs/imm
200+ EEZ - Fishing/oil etc

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32
Q

8 Position fixes

A

Radar range and bearing
3 radar ranges
radar range and contour (HoT)
GPS
Vert sextant angle
Horiz sextant angle
Raising/dipping
Running Fix

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33
Q

Required bridge equipment. SOLAS ch__

A

SOLAS ch5
Magnetic compass, echo sounder, gnss receiver, speed/distance log, gyro, rudder angle/thruster/prop rpm indicator, x band radar

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34
Q

Azimuth mirror goes over

A

compass bowl

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35
Q

Azimuth circle goes over

A

Gyro

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36
Q

Pre dep compass checks

A

Gimbal free to move
card floating freely
no air bubbles
card legible
no leaks
light working if it has
no tools nearby

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37
Q

4 GPS errors

A

Ionospheric/atmospheric
Multipath
Atomic clock
HDOP

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38
Q

4 Echo sounder errors

A

Multiple echoes
Second trace echoes
Speed of propergation error
Incorrect stylus speed

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39
Q

Doppler effect

A

Frequency changes when transmitter is moving. Towards us, increases. Away, decreases.

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40
Q

Janus config

A

Doppler log facing forward and one back. Reduces vertical movement error.

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41
Q

AIS data transmition

A

Static every single one 6min
MMSI, IMO, Call sign, name, dimensions, type of ship.

Dynamic 2-10sec or 3min at anchor
Position (and accuracy), nav status, ROT, SOG, COG, T heading, time stamp UTC.

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42
Q

ECDIS required by SOLAS for:

A

Passenger ships >500gt
Cargo ships >3000gt

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43
Q

Safety depth

A

Soundings less are black, more are grey.
Draught + UKC-HoT. Consider CATZOC

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44
Q

Safety contour

A

Difference between safe and shallow water. Extra wide isobar

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45
Q

Deep contour

A

Indicates where a ship may experience squat. Depth around <2x draught

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46
Q

Shallow contour

A

Highlights gradient of seabed

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47
Q

Charts on ECDIS

A

ENC (vector) or RNC. RNC needs risk assessment. Must use ENC if available. ENC converts to SENC on ECDIS before showing on screen (system ENC)

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48
Q

CATZOC

A

Zone of confidence category

A1 +- 5m pos acc 0.5+1% depth
A2 +- 20m pos acc 1m+2% depth
B +- 50m pos acc 1m+2% depth
C +- 500m pos acc 2m+5% depth
D worse than c
U un-assessed

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49
Q

Mercator

A

General nav. Rhumb lines cut all meridians at same angle. Ships head doesn’t change from A-B. Land distorts further N or S from equator.

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50
Q

Transverse Mercator

A

Mercator rotated 90. Axis of cylinder is now equatorial. Used for harbour plans, large scale.

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51
Q

Gnomonic

A

Ocean great circle nav. Straight lines are GC

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52
Q

Isogonal

A

Distribution of magnetic elements

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53
Q

Autopilot, steering and manual steering checks

A

test manually once a watch
test manual steering once a day
steering gear checked within 12hrs departure

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54
Q

Official log book

A

Info Masters guide to UK flag
Draughts, drills, LSA, Cabin inspections. All about crew safety.

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55
Q

GMDSS areas

A

A1 coast station 20-30
A2 MF coast station <150
A3 Geostationary INMARSAT 76N-76S
A4 Polar 76N+ 76S+

56
Q

Navtex can’t turn off

A

A nav warnings
B met warnings
D S&R/piracy
L Additional nav warnings

57
Q

Distress Channels

A

VHF 16
VHF DSC 70
HF 2182
HF DSC 2187.5khz
MF DSC 8414.5khz

58
Q

VHF MF HF frequencies

A

MF 0.3-3mhz (300-3000khz)
HF 3-30mhz
VHF 30-300mhz

59
Q

X and S band size/freq

A

X 3cm 8-12ghz
S 10cm 2-4ghz

60
Q

10 Radar errors

A

Shadow sectors
Blind arc
Multiple echoes
Indirect echoes
Side lobes
Interference
Radar horizon
Range discrimination
Bearing discrimination
Second trace echoes

61
Q

Radar pre dep checks

A

Performance monitor with rings on
VRM against rings
EBL against visual compass bearing
Gyro head matches radar input

62
Q

ICLL

A

International convention of load lines.
To prevent overloading of ships.
Freeboards/watertight integrity

63
Q

Upthrust of P

A

When the stern touches the blocks, part of the buoyancy of the water is transferred to the blocks. For a moment G rises and GM gets smaller. B lowers with M.

64
Q

Squat

A

most at <2x draught
Lose manoeuvrability
Fixed by lowering speed

65
Q

LSA Code
Solas
LYC

A

LSA - what it is
SOLAS - do we need it
LYC - how many do we need

66
Q

Primary & secondary life raft actions

A

assist others oboard
cut painter
manoeuvre clear
stream sea anchor
close flap
inflate floor

secondary
sea sickness tablets
no water 24hrs
treat injuries
keep raft dry/warm
join rafts together
lookout
read handbook

67
Q

EPIRB

A

406mhz
homing 121.5mhz
48hr battery serviced 5 years
COSPAS SARSAt to Local user terminal to MRCC

68
Q

SART

A

x band 3cm
96hr standby
8hr continuous interogation
vis 5nm from ships, 30nm aircraft
12 dots >1nm, arcs <1nm, circles at location

69
Q

Williamson turn

A

hard over to casualty
at 60deg hard over to other side
20deg from reciprocal, midships and steady

70
Q

Fire classes

A

A combustable
B Liquids
C Gas
D Metal
E Electrical
F Cooking oil

71
Q

FIRE acronym

A

Find
Inform
Restrict
Escape/extinguish

72
Q

IAMSAR search patterns

A

Expanding square - small
Sector - small
Parallel track - large, casualty location unknown
Track line - missing following known track

73
Q

Solstice

A

June 21, Dec 21

74
Q

Equinox

A

March 21, Sep 21

75
Q

Signs of TRS

A

Long distant swell
Very good vis and high cloud, decreasing
Pressure falling
Wind increasing (veering N hem, backing S hem)
Weather warning

76
Q

High pressure characteristics

A

Cool, calm, clear

77
Q

Low pressure characteristics

A

Warm, wet, windy. Unstable air, poor vis.

78
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Deflection of air as earth rotates. Air flows from an area rotating faster (equator) to an area moving slower N or S.

79
Q

Radiation fog

A

low lying land, clear still night. Air cools over land until reaching saturation. Can move out to sea. Burns off as sun rises.

80
Q

Advection fog

A

Warner moist air over cool sea. Cools to dew point. Disperses when wind brings drier air. Sea temp meets dew point = fog

81
Q

STCW Ch 8

A

International convention on standards of training certification and watchkeeping.

ch8 standards in watchkeeping

82
Q

STCW ch8 alcohol

A

0.05% or less in blood
0.25mg/l breath

83
Q

STCW ch 8 contains…

A

ch8 standards in watchkeeping
hours of rest
alcohol limit
OOW responsibility

84
Q

STCW ch 5

A

International convention on standards of training certification and watchkeeping.

ch5 special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships

85
Q

MLC

A

establishes minimum working and living standards for ships with a flag under the agreement.

86
Q

Hours of Rest

A

min 10 in 24. no more than 2 blocks and no more than 14 between. 77 in 7 days. records kept for 12 months.

87
Q

ARLS Vol 1

A

Coast/maritime radio stations
Global Maritime Communications
Coastguard Communications
Maritime TeleMedical Assistance Service
Satellite Communication Services
Code flags

88
Q

ALRS Vol 2

A

Radio aids to navigation
Direction finding stations
DGPS stations
Radar Beacons
Aids to Navigation

89
Q

ARLS Vol 3

A

Maritime safety info
Maritime Weather Services
MSI
Navtex stations

90
Q

ARLS Vol 4

A

Meteorological observation stations
met station list

91
Q

ARLS Vol 5

A

GMDSS
info on GMDSS
Distress and SAR
Code flags

92
Q

ARLS Vol 6

A

Pilot services, VTS, Port operations
Comms for each

93
Q

Sailing directions

A

Intended for vessels >150gt.
They amplify charted detail and carry info needed for safe navigation which is not available on charts. general nav info, regs for countries/ports, info on anchorages/ports, routeing info

94
Q

SOLAS ch 5

A

Safety of navigation
-Govt responsibilities for weather/hydrographic data
-safe manning
-bridge design
-carriage requirements for nav equipment

95
Q

SOLAS ch 9

A

Management for safe operation of ships
ISM

96
Q

SOLAS ch 11

A

Security
ISPS

97
Q

Red Ensign Group LYC

A

> 24m commercial activities no cargo and <12 passengers

Provides criteria and standards to minimise risk to yachts, persons onboard and marine environment

98
Q

ISPS

A

International ship and port facility security code
-Aim to reduce vulnerability of industry to attack.
-passenger, cargo and charter ships
-CSR
-ship: SSP, SSAS, SSO, ISSC (valid 5 years)
-Company: CSO
-3 levels

99
Q

ISM

A

> 500gt
-Company/owner: DOC (5 years), appoints DPA
-Ship: SMC (5 years), follow SMS, record

99
Q

ISM

A

> 500gt
Flag state: Issues DOC, Issues SMS, inspects 5 years and between 2 and 3
-Company/owner: DOC (5 years), appoints DPA
-Ship: SMC (5 years), follow SMS, record objective evidence

100
Q

Special area

A

Oceanographic and ecological condition, and traffic, area requires higher level of protection.

101
Q

MARPOL annex 1

A

Prevention of pollution by oil
All ships
>400gt must have: oil pollution prevention cert, oil record book, SOPEP.

discharge enroute, 15 parts per million

102
Q

SOPEP

A

guidance on steps to take if oil pollution has or is likely to occur

103
Q

MARPOL annex 2

A

Control of pollution by noxious substances.

only comply if we are carrying them

104
Q

MARPOL annex 3

A

Prevention of pollution by harmful substances in packaged form

only comply if we carry them

105
Q

MARPOL annex 4

A

Prevention of pollution by sewage
-All ships
-full compliance >400gt and/or >15pax
-International sewage pollution prevention cert after servey
-discharge only enroute on passage
-treated sewage not less than 3nm
-untreated not less than 12nm

106
Q

MARPOL annex 5

A

Prevention of pollution by garbage
-All vessels
-full compliance >400gt and/or >15pax
-garbage mgmt plan
-garbage record book
-must have signs and notify people of requirements

107
Q

MARPOL annex 6

A

Prevention of air pollution from ships
-all vessels
-full compliance >400gt
-international air pollution cert
-retain fuel samples and sulphur content
-log ozone depleting substances held onboard
-sulphur content not to exceed 0.5% m/m outside ECA, 0.1% m/m inside ECA

108
Q

COSWP

A

Code of safe working practices for merchant seafarers
- manages occupational health and safety
-33 chapters incl: PPE, PTW, Anchoring/mooring, working at height, risk assessment.
- 5 or more crew need SO
- elect 1 safety rep <16, 16+ 2
-safety rep must have 2 years sea service and over 18
-cabin inspections not less than 7 days
-working area h&s checks <3 months

109
Q

PTW

A

location
nature of work
person(s) doing work
safety equipment checklist
signature of worker and authorising person and on deck supervisor

110
Q

Risk assessment

A

identify - potential harm
analyse - risks and level of risk
evaluate - eliminate or minimise
implement - decisions

111
Q

Fire and abandon ship drills

A

MGN71
monthly or 25% crew change

112
Q

Enclosed space drill

A

2 months

113
Q

Emergency steering drill

A

3 months

114
Q

MOB drill

A

3 months. Rescue boat lowered monthly

115
Q

Davit launched life raft drill

A

4 months

116
Q

Security drill

A

3 months or as per SMS

117
Q

SOPEP drill

A

as per SOPEP/SMS

118
Q

ICS bridge procedures guide contains…

A

-bridge organisation
-passage planning
-duties of oow
-operation & maint of bridge equipment
-pilotage
-checklists
-recommended publications

119
Q

1nm

A

1852m

120
Q

1 shackle

A

27.432m

121
Q

Amphridome

A

Point with no tide due to coriolis.

Places surrounded by amphridome points experience counter rotating circulation like NZ (counter clockwise)

122
Q

Parallax

A

Apparent movement of objects when viewed from different positions

123
Q

Audible range of sound signals

A

200+ 2nm
75-200 1.5
20-75 1
<20 0.5

Directed straight ahead as high as practicable

124
Q

Adjustable sextant errors

A

Perpendicularity
Side error
Index error

125
Q

Sound signal rules

A

34 manoeuvring and warning
35 ss in rv

126
Q

Where to find list of required publications for british flagged ship

A

Masters guide to uk flag
NP100

127
Q

What caused creation of ISM?

A

Herald of free enterprise 1987
-193 died
-car ferry door left open
-capsised 1nm from port

128
Q

MMSI

A

Maritime mobile service identity
9 digits

129
Q

Where do we find flags if we don’t know their meaning?

A

International code of signals
ALRS1
ALRS5

130
Q

How do we report suspected or new dangers to navigation?

A

Report to UKHO form H.102 found in weekly NTM
(or NZM)

131
Q

What is a rhumb line?

A

A line which cuts all meridians at the same angle

132
Q

Where do you find masters overriding authority?

A

SMS as per IMO
SSP as per ISPS

133
Q

What should a voyage plan identify? SOLAS ch5

A

Routeing systems
sufficient sea room for safe passage
anticipated nav hazards and weather
marine environmental protection measures

134
Q

Where do we find guidelines on voyage planning?

A

IMO resolution A.893 guidelines for voyage planning

Bridge Procedures Guide

135
Q

IALA

A

Interntational association of marine aids to navigation and lighthouse authorities

Chief Mate Yacht 3000 (1 decks)

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