Oral Phase Flashcards
T or F. The oral phase is voluntary.
True
What are the 6 parts of the body involved in the oral phase?
Lips Jaw Tongue Cheeks Hard palate soft palate or velum
What is the muscle of the lips that is involved in the oral phase?
orbicularis oris
what does the lips do during the oral phase?
- closure prevents anterior loss of bolus
- closure aids in creating anterior seal during swallow
- infant suckling: lips flare out around nipple but are not a vital part of sucking (does not make anterior seal)
- older children and adult suckling: lips contract on straw/spout to form anterior seal (negative pressure build up)
T or F the lips make the anterior seal for infant suckling.
False they do not they just flare out around nipple they are not vital for suckling.
What anatomical structure of the jaw is involved in the oral phase?
Mandible: and association muscles for opening/closure
What happens with jaw during feeding?
- suckling the jaw elevates and depresses during suckling
- mastication: during chewing the jaw elevates and depresses and moves diagonally to grind food during chewing-
- adequate strength and stability allows for jaw grading: ability to move jaw from one height to another smoothly and with control
what is jaw grading?
jaw grading is the ability to move jaw from one height to another smoothly and with control
ex: opening a slight amount for a spoon/ depressing jaw just enough for chewing/opening full for a burger
T or F. Opening the jaw 1/2 way is harder than fully opening the jaw.
True because you have to be able to hold it and stabilize it.
What muscle of the cheeks is involved in the oral phase?
buccinators muscle
In infants what extra stability are they equipped with to prevent buccal pocketing?
Infants are providing sucking pads which provide structure and stability to prevent buccal pocketing: aide in creating positive pressure on nipple
-these pads help with infants low muscle tone
Do pre-mature babies have sucking pads? (fat pads in their cheeks)
No bc fat is laid in the last 3-4 weeks of gestation
What do the cheeks provide for older children in the oral phase?
cheeks provide muscle tension/tone provide structure to the oral cavity
What is the hard palates job in the oral phase?
tongue contacts hard palate to form anterior oral seal
slightly elevated contour of palate aides in moving the bolus posteriorly
T or F. Intubation cannot change the contour of the hard palate.
False
It can!
What is the soft palate/velums job during the oral phase?
- elevates to close off nasal cavity when swallow reflex is triggered
- thus creates a seal between velum and posterior pharyngeal wall
- -infants only: contacts epiglottis to form a posterior oral seal during sucking (=airway protection) and breathing.
How many muscles are involved in the oral phase of the tongue?
8
4 extrinsic and 4 intrinsic
What portion of the tongue does the oral tongue refer to?
-refers to the portion of tongue directly in the oral cavity
what is the tongues job during the oral phase?
- posterior portion of tongue remains slightly elevated during oral bolus manipulation to prevent bolus from leavin oral cavity before swallow is triggered
- infant suckling: anterior to posterior movement as well as slight depression created negative pressure. Elevation causes compression on the nipple to create positive pressure.
- older children and adult suckling: lingual retraction creates negative pressure
- tongue aids in mastication: lateral movement of tongue transfers bolus to teeth for chewing
- lateral portion of tongue and buccal tension keep food on teeth during chewing
- helps form bolus by mixing with saliva
- preparation for swallow: intrinsic muscles contract to create a trough –lateral borders of tongue are elevated to contact hard palate
- anterior portion of tongue elevates and posterior portion depresses and retracts to allow bolus to be propelled posteriorly
- swallow reflex is triggered by proprioceptive receptors scattered over base of tongue
What proprioceptive receptors is where the swallow can be triggered (3)
anterior faucial pillars
uvula
posterior pharyngeal walls
the tongue is really important for the oral phase what does it do (short version)?
- the posterior portion of the tongue elevates during bolus manipulation to keep food from leaving out the front of the mouth: (posterior bolus retention)
- mastication: tongue lateralization keeps food on teeth for chewing and helps mux with saliva along with the cheeks
- preparation for swallow: creates a trough
- anterior portion elevates and posterior portion depresses and retracts to allow bolus to move and propel posteriorly.
- swallow is triggered over base of tongue
what does the tongue do in infant suckling?
anterior to posterior movement as well as slight depression creates negative pressure. Elevation causes compression on nipple to create positive pressure
Pedi oral anatomy:
- proportionally larger head relative to body size
- weak head and neck muscles
- decreased muscle tone in general
- sucking pads present in cheeks
- soft palate and epiglottis contact each other at rest
- tongue is larger in relation to oral cavity
- jaw is smaller in relation to the oral cavity
Because infants have decreased muscle tone they rely on what to supplement muscle tone and add stability to structures?
fat
