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INFECTION CONTROL > ORAL PATHOLOGY LEC > Flashcards

ORAL PATHOLOGY LEC Flashcards

1
Q

nonspecific response to injury that
involves the microcirculation and its
blood cells

A

INFLAMMATION

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2
Q

The ingestion and digestion of
particulate material by cells

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

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3
Q

The adherence of white blood cells to
blood vessel walls during inflammation

A

PAVEMENTATION

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4
Q

Fluid with high protein content that
leaves the microcirculation during an
inflammatory response

A

EXUDATE

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5
Q

The movement of white blood cells,as
directed by biochemical mediators, to
an area of injury

A

CHEMOTAXIS

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6
Q

The passage of white blood cells
through the walls of small blood vessels
and into injured tissue

A

EMIGRATION

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7
Q

A decrease in size of the lumen of a
blood vessel caused by contraction of
the smooth muscles in the wall of the
vessel

A

ATROPHY

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8
Q

Excretion of undigested foreign
bodies

A

-EXOCYTOSIS

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9
Q

The second type of white blood cell to
arrive at a site of injury; it participates in
phagocytosis during inflammation and
continues to be active in the immune
response

A

MACROPHAGE

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10
Q

Excess plasma or exudate in the
interstitial space that results in tissue
swelling

A

EDEMA

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11
Q

An alevation of body temperature to
greater that normal level of 37 degree
celcius

A

FEVER

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12
Q

The first white blood cell to arrive at a
site of injury; the primary cell involved in
acute inflammation

A

NEUTROPHIL

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13
Q

The restoration of damaged or
diseased tissues by cellular change of
growth

A

REPAIR

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14
Q

The process by which injured tissue is replaced with tissue identical to that present before the injury

A

-REGENERATION

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15
Q

GivE the 5 local signs of inflammation

A

PAIN
HEAT
REDNESS
LOSS OF FUNCTION
SWELLING

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16
Q

What are the 4 components of reaction

A

TISSUE DAMAGE
ALTERATION
EXUDATION
GRANULATION AND REPAIR

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17
Q

Endothelial cells (normally line blood
vessels) that bud and form fresh
capillaries

A

ANGIOBLASTS

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18
Q

Allergy -related antigen - antibody
response cell

A

EUSINOPHIL

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19
Q

An enlargement of a tissue or organ
resulting from an
increase in the number of normal cells: the
result of
increased cell division

A

Hyperplasia

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20
Q

The pathologic death of one or more cells, or a
portion of a tissue, or an organ that results
from
irreversible damage to cells

A

Necrosis

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21
Q

An excess of blood within blood vessels in a
part of
the body.

A

Blood clot

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22
Q

An enlargement of a tissue or organ
resulting from an
increase in the size of its individual cells, but
not in the
number of cells

A

Hypertrophy

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23
Q

Absence of an organ resulting from failure
of the
appearance of the primordium of an
organ in
embryonic development

A

AGENESIS

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24
Q

Complete failure of development of a
structure from
the embryonic development

A

Aplasia

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25
Q

Change in which cells of one type are
transformed or
replaced by cells of another type that
normally would
not be located in the particular site

A

Metaplasia

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26
Q

The decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, organ or whole body

A

Atrophy

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27
Q

Group of similar cells arranged in a
characteristic
manner to perform a particular function

A

tissue

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28
Q

Enumerate diagnostic methods used in the
study of
oral pathology

A
  1. RADIOGRAPH
  2. MICROSCOPE
  3. ULTRASOUND
  4. VISUAL EXAMINATION
  5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOM
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29
Q

Enumerate the Localized signs of
inflammation

A
  1. DOLOR
  2. TUMOR
  3. RUBOR
  4. CALOR
  5. FUNCTIO LAESA
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30
Q

Factors that determine the degree of
response toward a stimulant

A
  1. SEVERITY OF INJURIOUS STIMULI
  2. REACTIVE CAPABILITY OF THE HOST
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31
Q

Enumerate the components of reaction

A
  1. DAMAGE TO THE TISSUES
  2. ALTERATION
  3. EXUDATION
  4. GRANULATION AND REPAIR
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32
Q

A process during inflammation in which
white blood
cells tend to move to the periphery of the
blood
vessel at the site of in

A

MARGINATION

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32
Q

A nonspecific response to injury that
involves the
microcirculation and its blood c

A

INFLAMMATION

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33
Q

The ingestion and digestion of particulate
material by
cells.

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

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34
Q

Fluid with a high protein content that
leaves the
microcirculation during an inflammatory
response

A

EXUDATE

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35
Q

The passage of white blood cells through
the walls of
small blood vessels and into injured tissue

A

EMIGRATION

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36
Q

The movement of white blood cells, as
directed by
biochemical mediators, to an area of
injury

A

CHEMOTAXIS

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36
Q

An elevation of body temperature to
greater than the
normal level of 37 degree Celsius

A

FEVER

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37
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the lymph
nodes.

A

LYMPHADENOPATHY

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38
Q

A type of mutation involving the loss of
genetic material

A

DELETION

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39
Q

Structures found in the center (nucleus)of
cells that carry long pieces of
DNA

A

CHROMOSOMES

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40
Q

The breaking of chromosome in two places
and subsequent rejoining with the middle
piece inverted

A

INVERSION

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41
Q

The 2 general etiologic factors of diseases

A

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
GENETIC FACTOR

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42
Q

Autosomes control both the inheritance of
all an organism’s characteristics and the
sex-linked ones T OR F

A

FALSE

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43
Q

An autosomal recessive disorder means
two copies of an abnormal gene mist bE present in order for the disease or trait to
develop

A

TRUE

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44
Q

Down syndrome is a condition in which a
baby is born with missing
chromosome

A

FALSE

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45
Q

Translocation-the attachment of a broken
piece from one chromosome to another, but non homologous chromosome T OR F

A

-TRUE

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46
Q

Multifactorial traits are very susceptible to
environmental modificationt or f

A

TRUE

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47
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the lymph
nodes

A

LYMPHADENOPATHY

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48
Q

 increase in size of a tissue or
organ caused by an increase in
the size of the cells of the part
involved

A

HYPERTROPHY

49
Q

decrease in size of the cell
compared to a normal one

A

ATROPHY

50
Q

refers to metabolic disturbances
and deterioration of the cells or
the area immediately
surrounding the cells

A

DEGENERATIVE CHANGE

51
Q

DEATH OF THE TISSUE

A

NECROSIS

52
Q

INCREASE FLOW OF BLOOD TO AN AREA

A

ACTIVE

52
Q

INCREASE BLOOD SUPPLY

A

HYPEREMIA

53
Q

refers to a decreased outflow of
blood with stagnation of venous
current

A

Passive

54
Q

Increase in the number of white
blood cells and decrease
number of red blood cell

A

ANEMIA

55
Q

SOURCES OF INFLAMMATION

A
  1. HEAT
  2. RADIATION
  3. CHEMICAL AGENT
  4. PHYSICAL AGENT
    5.PATHOGENIC AGENT
  5. TRAUM A
55
Q

The local deficiency of blood
supply to an area

A

ISCHEMIA

55
Q

Bleeding, circulatory disturbance
caused by injury to capillary

A

HEMORRHAGE

55
Q

A localized area of ischemic
necrosis caused by occlusion of
the arterial blood supply or
venous drainage

A

INFARCT

55
Q

vessels to reduce blood loss and
formation of a clot to stop the
bleeding then stimulated by cell
injury and death. local cells release
vasoactive chemicals such as
prostaglandins and histamine to
dilate local blood vessels leading to
increased blood flow to the area. these chemicals also cause endothelial cells in small blood
vessels to contract opening spaces
between them

A

Vasoconstriction of the local blood

55
Q

FORMATION OF PLUG WITHIN A BLOOD VESSEL

A

THROMBUS

56
Q

Detached clot from its formation
and transported to a distant site
where it can lodge in a smaller
vessel

A

EMBOLUS

57
Q

circulating immune cells called
neutrophils move out of the blood
vessels to the site of injury and
destroy pathogens and damaged
cells. chemotaxis begins when cells
at the injury site release messenger
molecules called chemoattractant, which cause local endothelial cells
and circulating neutrophils to stick
together

A

Chemotaxis

57
Q

A new growth of tissue arising
from existing tissue but grows
independently of it and at its
own rate

A

NEOPLASIA

58
Q

allows fluids and proteins to pass
from the blood into the tissue next
during a multi-stage process called
chemotaxis

A

. Increased capillary permeability

58
Q
A
59
Q

the neutrophils migrate to the injury
site by following a chemotactic
gradient. upon arrival the neutrophils
encounter bacteria engulf them and
digest them in a process called

A

phagocytosis

60
Q

-neutrophils squeeze through the
endothelial gaps.

A

diapedesis

61
Q

anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit
inflammation by blocking production
of inflammatory chemicals. the most
common drugs for inflammation are
non-steroidal. anti-inflammatory
drugs or NSAIDs such as aspirin and
ibuprofen they contain an enzyme
called cyclooxygenase or Cox that
inhibits the production of
prostaglandins and several other
inflammatory chemicals thus
reducing vasodilation edema and
pain associated with inflammation. t or f

A

true

62
Q

Blood flow in blood
vessel slows down

A

Stasis

63
Q

Blood plasma causing
edema

A

release histamine

64
Q

excess fluid
accumulates in the tissue

A

edema

65
Q

squeezing out of the
cells and by ameoboid
movement move into the injured
area

A

diapedesis

66
Q

ingestion of foreign body

A

endocytosis

66
Q

excretion of undigested foreign bodies

A

exocytosis

67
Q

A large - strand- like protein that
forms a sponge-like mesh

A

fibrin

67
Q

Capable of ingesting and
destroying some but not all
bacteria

A

neutrophils

68
Q

Can dissolve neutrophil itself if it
dies
 Liquefy local cells of host and
insoluble fibrin wall that was laid
down

A

lysosome

68
Q

localized or walled
off collection of pus

A

abscess

69
Q

liquefied material
containing dead and dying
neutophils and host cell debris
and is eliminated by the body

A

pus

70
Q

Appear after the neutrophils
 Respond to chemical liberated
by injured cells but more slowly
 Are also phagocytic cells but are
larger and are capable of
ingesting larger particles and are
termed MACROPHAGE

A

MONOCYTES

71
Q

Prime function is to phagocytize
foreign materials, dead cells and
debris at the site of inflammation
 Considered the second line of
defense

A

MACROPHAGES

72
Q

Appear later in the inflammatory
process
 Prime function is to recognize
foreign material (antigens) and
to elaborate an immune system
 Others convert into plasma cells
which serve to produce
antibodies
 The antibody is expressed into
the fluid surrounding the cells
 It seeks out foreign proteins and
inactivates them by binding THEM INTO ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES

A

LYMPHOCYTES

73
Q

Another cell involves in antigen- antibody response, particularly
relating to allergy
 Has granules that contain
enzymes capable of digesting
antigen-antibody complexes

A

EUSINOPHIL

74
Q

young connective
tissue cells that can produce
fibers ususally collagen

A

FIBROBLAST

74
Q

endothelial cells
(normally line blood vessels) that
bud and form fresh capillaries

A

ANGIOBLASTS

75
Q

replacement
of injured area with the same
tissue

A

Repair with scarring (fibrosis)

76
Q

represents dense bundles of
collagen fibers that have been
produces from the granulation tissue
to replace the injured area

A

SCAR

77
Q

Return of tissue to normal state or
state or repair with a scar

A

End of inflammation

77
Q

a portion of DNA coded for the synthesis of a specific protein or
polypeptide chain

A

gene

78
Q

the specific set of genes
carried by an individual

A

genotype

78
Q

the clinical appearance of
a patient or overt manifestation of this
defect which can be seen, felt, or
measured by laboratory tests

A

Phenotype

79
Q

traits produced by
many genes at different loci each with
small, additive effect. Also known as
MULTIFACTORIAL OR QUANTITATIVE TRAits

A

polygenic traits

80
Q

the specific site on a
chromosome occupied by a particular
Gene

A

loci

81
Q

genes which occupy
homologous loci on homologous
Chromosomes

A

Alleles

81
Q

one which expresses
its phenotype when it is present in
the homozygous or single gene dose fo

A

Dominant gene

82
Q

one which expresses its
phenotype when it is present in the
homozygous or double gene dose form

A

Recessive gene

83
Q
  • an individual whose two
    alleles at a given locus are Different *different alleles at loci on each homolog
    Ex. Yy
A

heterozygote

84
Q

an individual whose
two alleles at a given locus are identical *same alleles at loci on each homolog
Ex. ZZ

A

Homozygote

85
Q

genes on the X chromosomes
- traits determined by such genes are
called x-linked or sex-linked
*46 chromosome/23 pairs *22 pairs autosomal chromosome and 1
pair sex chromosome

A

X-linked

86
Q

occuring in different members
or a family; may or may not be of genetic
etiology

A

familial

87
Q

present at birth, but not necessarily genetic

A

familial

88
Q

any chromosome other
than the sex chromosome. Man has 22
pairs of autosome

A

autosome

88
Q

the nuclear structure
composed of DNA which contains
hereditary units, the genes.

A

Chromosome

89
Q

a mature germ cell (sperm or
ovum) with a haploid chromosome
number

A

gamete

90
Q

the fertilized diploid ovum
formed by the union of the haploid egg
with the haploid sperm

A

zygote

90
Q

the chromosome number of
a normal gamete which contains only one
member of each homologous
chromosome pair

A

haploid

91
Q

the frequency of
phenotypic expression of a specific gene in
a group of individuals known to carry that
gene

A

penetrance

91
Q

the degree of severity of
the effect of a gene in individuals with the
same genotype

A

expressivity

91
Q

a normal-appearing individual
who carries a single recessive gene
together with its normal allele

A

Carrier

92
Q

the insertion of an
extra chromosome fragment into a
chromosome from its homolog

A

duplication

92
Q

any gene that is a
causative factor in the initiation of
cancerous growth

A

Oncogenes

93
Q

the breaking of a
chromosome in two places and
subsequent rejoining with the
middle piece inverted

A

inversion

94
Q

-the attachment of a
broken piece from one chromosome
to another, but non homologous
Chromosome

A

translocation

95
Q

-factors originating OUTSIDE the cell -agents which commonly produces
Disease

A

Exogenous/ External Factors

95
Q
A
96
Q
A
96
Q
A
97
Q
A
97
Q
A
97
Q
A
98
Q
A

INFECTION CONTROL (4 decks)

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