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Oral Pathology > Oral Pathology > Flashcards

Oral Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

-sebaceous glands found in the oral mucosa

A

fordyce granules

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2
Q

-hair like appearance on dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

hairy tongue

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3
Q

What is the cause of hairy tongue?

A

unknown- may be from smoking or different bacteria. The bacteria accumulate and stain the keratin. Just recommend patients use a tongue scraper?

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4
Q

Found on the median palatal raphe in neonates

A

epstein pearls/bohn’s nodules or palatal cyst. They’re 1-3 mm white or yellowish papule of epithelial origin. NO treatment is indicated

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5
Q

Appears as a swelling in the upper lip, elevated ala of the nose, typically unilateral

A

Nasolabial cyst. More common in females. complete surgical removal and recurrence is rare.

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6
Q

MOST COMMON NON ODONTOGENIC CYST?

A

nasopalatine duct cyst- heart shaped around the nasopalatine duct. Painful

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7
Q

Epidermoid cyst?

A

pimple

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8
Q

Dermoid cyst?

A

benign cystic form of a teratoma, small mass that retains pitting after pressure, can occur as a sublingual swelling around the floor of the mouth,

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9
Q

What type of dentiongenesis imperfect is associated with osteogenesis imperfect?

A

Type 1

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10
Q

most common type of dentinogenesis imperfect?

A

type II

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11
Q

What color are teeth typically if they have dentinogeneiss imperfect?

A

blue/purple/brown translucent

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12
Q

inflammatory response leading to epithelial lined cyst lateral to the tooth

A

lateral radicular cyst- look for a radiolucency along the lateral aspect of the tooth

**RCT or extraction/or surgical excision

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13
Q

a cyst arising after incomplete removal of inflammatory tissue at the tooth at the time of extraction

A

residual cyst

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14
Q

Cellulitis

A

acute and edematous spread of an acute inflammatory process.

two dangerous forms: ludwig’s angina and cavernous minus thrombosis

**when a periodical abscess cannot establish drainage.

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15
Q

describe ludwig’s angina?

A

When infection enters the SUBMANDIBULAR space and it can spread to the retropharyngeal space then to the MEDIASTINUM– causes massive swelling in the neck- usually unilateral, pain, protruded tongue and may result in airway obstruction

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16
Q

what is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

infection involving CANINE space and can spread to the perioorbital area. causes swelling, vision changes, general symptoms of infection. can result in a brain abscess.

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17
Q

inflammatory process of the medullary spaces or cortical surfaces of bone?

A

osteomyelitis. more common in males than in females.

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18
Q

Is osteomyelitis more common in males or females?

A

MALES

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19
Q

fungal infection with candida albicans.

A

pseudomembranous candidiasis “thrush”

Immune status and oral environment contribute to the risk of infection.

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20
Q

Describe the appearance of thrush?

A

creamy white plaques, REMOVABLE!, burning sensation, and a foul taste.

Most common on the buccal mucosa and tongue

TX: anti fungal medication

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21
Q

Describe median rhomboid glossisitis?

A
  • Also called papillary atrophy
  • form of ERYTHEMATOUS candidiasis.
  • red well demarcated zone in the midline posterior dorsal tongue.
  • usually asymptomatic and chronic
  • TX= anti fungal medication
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22
Q

Angular chelitis?

A
  • candida infection involving the corners of the mouth
  • more common in adults with reduced VDO?
  • TX= anti fungal medication
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23
Q

Denture stomatitis?

A

form of ERYTHEMATOUS candidiasis found in denture/RPD patients.
-Antifungal medication

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24
Q

Herpetic gingiostomatitis?

A
  • most common form of acute primary HSV infection

- most common in kids from 6 months to 5 years old

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25
Q

Describe symptoms of herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Abrupt onset with cervical lymphadenopathy, chills, fever, sore mouth lesions.
-oral lesson usually develop into pinhead vesicles and collapse into red lesions with ulceration.
VERY contagious and can lead to blindness.

**TX= acetaminophen plus fluids and antiviral medication

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26
Q

what age group do we often see herpetic gignivodtomatitis?

A

most common in kids up to 5 years old! This is often the presentation of the “first” herpetic presentation!

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27
Q

Most common form of acute primary HSV infection?

A

herpetic gingivostomatitis

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28
Q

Describe symptoms of herpes/recurrent herpes?

A
  • pain, itching, burning, warmth, or erythema about 6-24 hours prior
  • most commonly on vermillion border.
  • multiple small erythematous paulares that form into clusters of fluid filled vesicles.
  • tx = antivirals.
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29
Q

Describe Epstein Barr?

A
  • member of the herpes group that causes MONO think MONO BONO for B cells!
  • viral infects B CELLS and some epithelial cells.
  • Associated with oral hairy leukoplakia, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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30
Q

what virus is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Epstein barre virus!

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31
Q

What is recurrent apthous stomatitis often associated with?

A

professional students. Stress?
-B12/folate deficiencies, Chron’s
-Major are >1 com
Minor

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32
Q

Describe erythema multiform?

A
  • vesiculobullous disease of varied involvement.
  • more common in young men
  • Unknown cause- but immune system involvement.
  • Precip factors = infection (HSV), emotional stress, drug allergy.
  • **Steven Johnson syndrome often confused with this…
  • NEEDS steroid therapy to treat
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33
Q

Describe pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  • Autoimmune disorder that leads to the forming of blisters
  • blistering disorder of the skin caused by antibodies binding to the cells of the epidermis.
  • more common in 30-50 year olds of jewish decent.
  • severe oral vesicles and ulcerations.
  • *chemo or high dose steroids is the fix
34
Q

Describe Lichen Planus?

A

-Autoimmune disorder
-common inflammatory disease of the buccal mucosa or skin
-More common in women
-“Wickham’s striae” = lace like lines, often bilateral,
usually asymptomatic but can have burning associated with.
-biopsy at the initial presentation, then go to steroid treatment or no treatment. DOESN’T GO AWAY.
**not contagious

35
Q

Describe squamous papilloma?

A
  • HPV 6/11
  • Papillary mass that results from benign proliferation of SSE
  • tongue and lips
  • pedunculated nodule with cauliflower appearance.
  • TX = conservative surgical excision. Recurrence is unlikely.
36
Q

Is recurrence likely if you excise squamous papilloma?

A

rare

37
Q

focal epithelial hyperplasia?

A
  • Caused by HPV
  • more common in Kids
  • mutliple, soft, non tender flattened papule in clusters, same color as oral mucosa
  • Spontaneous regression may occur
  • Conservative excision may be performed
  • no known malignant potential
38
Q

Leukoplakia?

A
  • white plaque or patch that cannot be diagnosed as any other disease. Could be from tobacco?
  • more common with age
  • 5 majro types- thin, thick, granular, verrucform, and proliferative verrucuous.
  • pre cancerous
  • 70% on lip vermillion, buccal mucosa, or gingiva

TX- monitor for 2 weeks and/or biopsy and or surgical excision depending on diagnosis.

39
Q

T/F

Leukoplakia is considered to be pre malignant?

A

true

40
Q

what is the worst type of leukoplakia?

A

proliferate verrucous leukplakia- usually progress to SCC within 8 years. More females.

41
Q

erythroplakia

A
  • red plaque that cannot be diagnosed as any other condition
  • more common in older age
  • may occur in conjunction with leukoplakia
  • most common on the mouth floor, tongue, and soft palate.
  • TX? monitor for 2 weeks and or biopsy depending on the diagnosis
42
Q

Most common oral cancer?

A

SCC

43
Q

Is SCC more common in males or females?

A

males

44
Q

describe SCC?

A
  • Varied clinical appearance. Soft tissue mass, papillary character, ulcerated, white/red patch, loose teeth.
  • Early lesion is not painful, but may become more severe with progression.
  • Moth eaten bone
  • most common on the TONGUE, oral floor.
45
Q

how do you treat SCC on the lip vermillion?

A

surgical excision- has a good prognosis

46
Q

how do you treat SCC in the mouth?

A

surgical excision, radiation, or both. some can involve metastasis.

47
Q

What causes a mucocele?

A
  • rupture of salivary gland duct with mucin spilling into the surrounding tissue.
  • Often the result of trauma
  • young duels common
  • **not a true cyst because it lacks epithelial lining
48
Q

Describe clinical appearance of a mucocele?

A
  • dome shaped swelling, often BLUISH with translucency
  • Most common on the lower lip
  • Many heal and rupture spontaneously.
  • if chronic may need surgical excision and sent for histology to rule out SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR
49
Q

Ranula

A

mucoceles on the floor of the mouth.

  • *marcupulization or removal of the feeding sublingual gland if it’s large.
  • *frog belly!
50
Q

Salivary Duct Cyst

A
  • Unlike mucocele- this is a true cyst.
  • more common in adults
  • Dome shaped, also bluish.
  • Asymptomatic swelling.
  • arise in the major parotid or minor (floor of mouth) glands
  • if it’s on the floor, it will look blue

Conservative excision or partial removal of gland for major cysts

**difference between this and mucocele is the epithelial lining

51
Q

Siaolithiasis

A
  • calcified structures that develop within the salivary duct system.
  • cause is unclear.
  • **most often develop in submandibular gland ducts
  • **occlusal radiograph is useful to find “Warton’s duct”
52
Q

siladentitis

A

inflammation of salivary glands- from infection?

  • often in the parotid duct
  • TX - may be abx, surgical drainage, surgical removal.
53
Q

What is the MOST COMMON SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR?

A

pleomorphic adenoma

**most commonly in the parotid gland!*

54
Q

pleomorphic adenoma-

A
  • unusual hisotpathologic appearance
  • benign, SLOW growing lesions, firm mass
  • TX= surgical excision- 95% cure rate. DON’T ENUCULATE
  • risk of malignant transformations 5%…
55
Q

Most common salivary gland malignancy?

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

56
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A
  • rarely seen in 1st dead of life, but still most common malignant salivary gland tumor in kids
  • PAROTID gland commonly
  • Appears asymptomatic swelling, may develop facial nerve palsy as the lesion progresses.
  • may resemble mucocele if it’s in a minor gland.
  • may exist as an INTRA OSSEOUS lesion!

**intraosseous lesions need surgical removal and radiation.

57
Q

Warthin’s tumor?

A
  • parotid gland
  • 50s
  • males
  • benging slow growing mass
58
Q

Most common tumor of the oral cavity?

A

fibroma/irritation fibroma

59
Q

Giant Cell Fibroma

A
  • True tumor, NOT associated with irritation
  • asymptomatic nodule- appears papillary
  • TX= surgical excision and submit for histological exam
60
Q

Epulis Fissuratum

A

associated with ill fit of dentures

61
Q

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia?

A

reactive tissue grown beneath denture typically

hard palate

62
Q

Pyogenic granuloma?

A
  • Common non neoplastic growth thought to be due to irritation
  • NOT A TRUE GRANULOMA
  • More common in kids and young adults, females during pregnancy
  • usually pedunculate, surface ulcerated, usually painless but often bleeds
  • 75% on the gingiva
  • surgical excision and submit for histology. If pregnant, defer.
63
Q

peripheral giant cell granuloma

A
  • reactive lesion to irritation or trauma.
  • gingiva or the edentulous alveolar ridge. usually smaller than 2 cm
  • nodule- more bluish purple than pyogenic granuloma
  • **difficult to determine if this is perisperhal or central- work up hyperparathyroid.
  • surgical excision and histology

**NOTE- is central giant cell granuloma of jaw…

64
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

A
  • relatively common tumor gingival growth
  • teens and young adults
  • 2/3 females
  • surgical excision
65
Q

Lipoma

A
  • benign tumor of adipose tissue

- smooth, soft, and yellow

66
Q

most common type of peripheral nerve neoplasm?

A

neurofibroma

67
Q

neurofribroma

A
  • comes from a mix of cell types including schwann and perinueral fibroblasts
  • slow growing, painless lesion
  • tongue and buccal mucosa.

submit for excision and evaluate for possible neurofibromatosis.

68
Q

T/F the majority of salivary gland tumors are minor?

A

flase- 90% affect the major glands.

69
Q

Describe the clinical appearance of pleomorphic adenoma?

A

pink to purple, dome-shaped mutlinodular lesion

70
Q

Common age group for adenoid cystic carcinoma?

A

over age 50

71
Q

common age for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

20-50

72
Q

Where do malignant accessory salivary gland neoplasms typically occur?

A

poster palate. - they typically occur lateral to the midline.

73
Q

Describe distinctive clinical features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

-bluish ppearane or a mucous exudate emanating from the ulcerated tumor surface, and pools of necrotic fluid within the tumor visible radiographically

74
Q

what duct is associated with the submandibular gland?

A

wharton

75
Q

what happens if you get obstruction of salivary flow from a sialolith?

A

you will end up with a swelling that contains a firm to hard nodule. During mealtimes this well swell!

76
Q

most common site of SCC?

A

lateral border of the VENTRAL SURFACE OF THE TONGUE

follow by the oropharynx, floor of the mouth, gingiva, buccal mucosa, lip, and palate.

77
Q

what disease are neurofibromasa found with?

A

vonrecklinghausen

78
Q

what is the Waldeyer ring?

A

ring of adenoid tissue formed by the tonsillar tissue on the posterior tongue- lingual tonsils, pharynx (pharyngeal tonsils) and faces (tonsillar pillars)

79
Q

this lesion has a “sunburst” effect?

A

osteogenic sarcoma

80
Q

extra nodal lymphoma is dtypicalLY?

A

NON hodgekin

81
Q

Where does the base of the tongue drain into?

A

the jugolodigastric space

82
Q

what is so dangerous about the parapharyngeal spaces?

A

Immediate hospitalziation. They can go to the brain or the heart

Oral Pathology (1 decks)

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