Oral Mucosal colour changes Flashcards
1
Q
what type of epithelium is the oral mucosa
A
stratified squamous epithelium
2
Q
what are the layers of the oral epithelium
A
- stratum corneum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum (maturation from here and above)
- basal (cell division from here and bellow)
- lamina propria
3
Q
what are the types of keratinised oral mucosa (4)
A
- non-keratinised
- keratinised
- orthokeratinised (normal to find in GINGIVA and palate where trauma expected) - no nuclei
- parakeratinised (alterations to usual mucosal type i.e. lichen planus) - flattened nuclei
4
Q
what is the name for the presentation of hyperpasia of the stratum spinosum and what type of lesion can cause this?
A
Acanthosis.
Lichen planus.
5
Q
what are 5 mucosal reacitons
A
- atrophy (opposite of acanthosis - reduction of viable layers) - more see through, via age
- erosion (partial thickness loss) - erythematous appareance via disease
- ulceration (loss of epithelial layer leaving lamina propria covered with fibrin layer) - yellow
- oedema (intracellular or intercellular (spongiosis)) - cells not as tightly packed
- blister (vesicle less than 5 mm and bulla more than 5mm)
6
Q
what are 4 benign mucosal conditions of the tongue
A
- geographic tongue
- black/brown hairy tongue
- fissured tongue
- glossitis
7
Q
what is geographic tongue
A
- alteration in maturation and replacement of normal epithelial surface, replication stopped in some areas but still shed cells so epithelium gets thinner in these regions = erythematous and normal in others
- symptoms - sensitive to acidic and spicy foods
- managment - eat softer foods, intermittent - i.e. lasts a week then away for a month
- rull out - haematinic deficiency (B12, folate, ferritin), parafunctional trauma, dysaesthesia (if get symptoms when not active)
8
Q
what is brown / black hairy tongie
A
- causes
- bacterial colonisation
- soft or liquid diet
- hyperplasia of papilae become stained - managment
- suck on peach or nectarine seed
- tongue scraper
9
Q
what is fissured tongue
A
- dont know cause
- no symptoms unless food stuck in fissure
- managment - soft brush to dislodge food
10
Q
what is glossitis
A
- red and glossy tongue due to changes in mucosa
- many causes thus need to refer for biopsy and haemotinics
- some causes = lichen planus, deficiencies and epithelial changes
11
Q
6 exapmles of swelligns in the oral mucosa
A
- papillary hyperplasia (cause - ill fitting denture, managment - none just better fitting denture)
- fibrous polyp (thin under denture polyp)
- fibro epithelial polyp
- mucocelle
- tori
- pyogenic granuloma
12
Q
what is a fibro epithelial polyp
A
- normal mucosa
- cuased by trauma
- only remove if risk of being truamatised
13
Q
what is a mucocelle
A
- appear clear or LIGHT blue
- remove if not draining and fixed in large size
14
Q
what is a tori
A
- benign bony growth seen in parrafunctional grinders
- issues - if on bisphosphonates then more likely to get necrosis here as thin non-keratinised mucosa over them has poor blood supply
15
Q
what is a pyogenic granuloma
A
- cause - trauma
- what - swollen connective tissue with fibrous coverage, vascular also so can have erythematous and yellow appearance
- also - called vascular epulis on gingiva or if pregnant then pregancy epulis