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DMD 5315 > Oral Microbiology 1 > Flashcards

Oral Microbiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal oral flora includes what types of organisms:

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Mycoplasmas, Protozoa

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2
Q

What are the different habitats within the oral cavity that the microbes live in?

A

Teeth, Gingival sulcus, Tongue, Cheek, Hard and Soft Palate, Tonsils

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3
Q

Oral flora is also called what?

A

Oral microbiota or oral microbiome

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4
Q

Microbe groups on the dorsum of the tongue

A

Gram Positive Bacteria (70%)
Low levels of Cariogenic Bacteria
Low levels of periodontal Pathogens

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5
Q

Species of cariogenic bacteria on dorsum of tongue

A

Streptococcus mutans

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6
Q

Species of periodontal pathogens on the dorsum of the tongue

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Prevotella intermedia

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7
Q

Epithelial surfaces of the oral cavity besides the dorsum of the tongue

A

Buccal epithelium, ventral side of the tongue, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, palate

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8
Q

What does colonization of the palate depend on?

A

Cell surface receptors for bacteria

Streptococci

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9
Q

Are supragingival tooth surfaces bathed in saliva?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What are subgingival tooth structures and the epithelium lining of the gingival crevice lined with

A

Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Not lined with saliva

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11
Q

What type of fluid is saliva

A

Turbulent fluid

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12
Q

Major cell type in the gingival epithelium

A

keratinocyte

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13
Q

All cell types in the gingival epithelium

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells, Langerhans cells

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14
Q

Maintenance features of the gingival epithelium:

A

constant renewal, replacement of damaged cells

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15
Q

Factors that affect the microbial colonization of the oral mucosa

A 
Mucosal Barrier
Resident Commensal Flora
Salivary Mucin
Desquamation
Immune mechanisms
Muscular Movements
Tongue
Salivary Flow
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16
Q

Predominant group of microbes in the mouth

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Percentage of Oral Bacteria that is cultivable

A

50-60%

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18
Q

Types of Bacterial Species

A

Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Facultative Aerobes

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19
Q

Predominant Supragingival bacteria

A

Streptococcus

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20
Q

Different groups of Streptococcus found on the supragingival side

A

Mutans
Salivarius
Anginosus
Mitis

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21
Q

Where is S. mutans found

A

on the tooth surface

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22
Q

What does S. mutans do?

A

produce profuse extracellular polysaccharide when grown in sucrose-containing media
associated with caries

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23
Q

Where is S. salivarius located

A

found on the dorsum of the tongue and in saliva

24
Q

What does S. salivarius do?

A

not a major oral pathogen

25
Q

Where is S. anguinsus located?

A

Gingival crevice

26
Q

What does S. anguinsus do?

A

Associated with endodontic infections

27
Q

Where is S. mitis located?

A

Dental plaque, tongue, and cheek

28
Q

What does S. mitis do?

A

Associated with endocarditis and caries

29
Q

The predominant cultivable species in subgingival plaque

A 
Actinomyces
Prevotella
Porphyromonas 
Fusobacterium
Veillonella
30
Q

Oral ecosystem comprises of:

A

oral flora, different sites of the oral cavity where they grow, and the associated surroundings

31
Q

Major oral habitats

A 
keratinized and unkeratinized buccal mucosa
dorsum of tongue
tooth surfaces
crevicular epithelium
prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances
32
Q

prerequisite for colonization

A

adherence of a microbe to an oral surface: needed for subsequent invasion and infection

33
Q

Saliva modulates bacterial growth by:

A
  • providing a pellicle for bacterial adhesion
  • acting as a nutrient source
  • co-aggregating bacteria
  • providing non-specific and specific defense factors
  • maintaining pH
34
Q

What are nonspecific defense factors of saliva

A

lysozyme
lactoferrin
histatins

35
Q

What are specific defense factors for saliva

A

IgA

36
Q

are sessile organisms in biofilms are generally more resistant to antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts?

A

yes

37
Q

Why?

A

Thick biofilm matrix

differentials in genetic and phenotypic makeup of the sessile forms

38
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria in mouth

A 
Aggregatibacter   Moraxella
Bacteroides           Neisseria
Campylobacter     Prevotella
Capnocytophaga  Selenomonas
Catonella               Tannerella
Cardiobacterium   Porphyromonas
Centipeda             Treponema
Dialister                 Veillonella
Eikenella                Wolinella
Fusobacterium
Haemophilus
Leptotrichia
Mitsuokella
39
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria in the Mouth

A 
Actinomyces            Mogibacterium
Arachnia                   Peptinophilus
Atopobium               Peptostreptococcus
Bifidobacterium       Propionibacterium
Corynebacterium     Rothia
Eubacterium             Stomatococcus
Filifactor                   Streptococcus
Finegoldia
Gemella
Granulicatella
Lactobacillus
40
Q

Immune System of the Oral Cavity

A 
Oral mucosa
saliva and salivary glands
nasopharynx associated lymphoid tissue (tonsils)
Tongue
Tooth, plaque fluid and adjacent GCF
41
Q

Oral mucosa immune system components

A 
TLRs
SIgA
Beta-defensins
Calprotectin
Mucus Coat
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Microbial antagonism
42
Q

Nasopharynx lymphoid tissue

A 
SIgA
CD4 Cells
B cells
TGF Beta
Th17 response
43
Q

Tongue

A 
Circumvillate papillae
Microbial antagonism
von Ebners protein
von Ebners glands
normal flora
44
Q

Saliva and Salivary Glands

A 
SIgA
Histatins
Cystatins
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Thrombospondin 1
Peroxidase Activity
Mucins
Agglutinins
SLPI
Chromogranin A
45
Q

Tooth, plaque fluid, and adjacent GCF

A 
Calprotectin
Thrombospondin-1
PMNL and lysosomal contents
complement
enamel pellicle
IgM, 
IgG
Peroxidase Activity
Lysozyme
46
Q

Dental caries

A

chronic endogenous infection caused by normal oral commensal flora

47
Q

root surface caries is increasingly prevalent later in life because..

A

gingival recession

48
Q

Essential requirements for the developments of dental caries

A
  • cariogenic bacteria
  • bacterial plaque
  • stagnation areas
  • fermentable bacterial substrate
  • susceptible tooth surfaces
  • time
49
Q

Essential properties of cariogenic bacteria

A
  • acidogenic
  • able to produce a pH low enough to decalcify tooth substance
  • able to survive and continue to produce acid at low pH levels
  • possess attachment mechanisms for firm adhesion to smooth tooth surfaces
  • able to produce adhesive, insoluble plaque polysaccharides (glucans)
50
Q

Cariogenic properties of streptococcus mutans

A

produces lactic acid from sucrose
can live at a pH as low as 4.2
forms large amounts of extracellular, sticky, and insoluble glucan plaque mix
adheres to pellicle and contributes to plaque formation

51
Q

Stages of Plaque formation

A

deposition of structure-lee, cell free, pellicle of salivary glycoprotein
further deposition of pellicle enhanced by bacterial action precipitating salivary proteins
colonization of the cell-free layer by bacteria, particularly by s. sanguis and s. mutans strains within 24 hours
progressive buildup of plaque substance by bacterial polysaccharides
proliferation of filamentous and other bacteria as the plaque matures

52
Q

Effects of Saliva on Plaque formation

A

sucrose dissolves in saliva, actively taken up by plaque

buffering power of saliva limits fall in pH caused by acid formed in plaque

53
Q

High saliva flow rates = ?

A

lower caries activity

54
Q

Reduction in salivary production when?

A

Cariogenic diet is eaten

55
Q

Which Ig is present in saliva

A

IgA

56
Q

IgA prevents what

A

bacterial species from colonizing plaque

DMD 5315 (5 decks)

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