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DMD 5315 > Oral Microbiology 1 > Flashcards

Oral Microbiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal oral flora includes what types of organisms:

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Mycoplasmas, Protozoa

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2
Q

What are the different habitats within the oral cavity that the microbes live in?

A

Teeth, Gingival sulcus, Tongue, Cheek, Hard and Soft Palate, Tonsils

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3
Q

Oral flora is also called what?

A

Oral microbiota or oral microbiome

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4
Q

Microbe groups on the dorsum of the tongue

A

Gram Positive Bacteria (70%)
Low levels of Cariogenic Bacteria
Low levels of periodontal Pathogens

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5
Q

Species of cariogenic bacteria on dorsum of tongue

A

Streptococcus mutans

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6
Q

Species of periodontal pathogens on the dorsum of the tongue

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Prevotella intermedia

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7
Q

Epithelial surfaces of the oral cavity besides the dorsum of the tongue

A

Buccal epithelium, ventral side of the tongue, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, palate

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8
Q

What does colonization of the palate depend on?

A

Cell surface receptors for bacteria

Streptococci

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9
Q

Are supragingival tooth surfaces bathed in saliva?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What are subgingival tooth structures and the epithelium lining of the gingival crevice lined with

A

Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Not lined with saliva

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11
Q

What type of fluid is saliva

A

Turbulent fluid

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12
Q

Major cell type in the gingival epithelium

A

keratinocyte

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13
Q

All cell types in the gingival epithelium

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells, Langerhans cells

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14
Q

Maintenance features of the gingival epithelium:

A

constant renewal, replacement of damaged cells

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15
Q

Factors that affect the microbial colonization of the oral mucosa

A 
Mucosal Barrier
Resident Commensal Flora
Salivary Mucin
Desquamation
Immune mechanisms
Muscular Movements
Tongue
Salivary Flow
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16
Q

Predominant group of microbes in the mouth

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Percentage of Oral Bacteria that is cultivable

A

50-60%

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18
Q

Types of Bacterial Species

A

Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Facultative Aerobes

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19
Q

Predominant Supragingival bacteria

A

Streptococcus

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20
Q

Different groups of Streptococcus found on the supragingival side

A

Mutans
Salivarius
Anginosus
Mitis

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21
Q

Where is S. mutans found

A

on the tooth surface

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22
Q

What does S. mutans do?

A

produce profuse extracellular polysaccharide when grown in sucrose-containing media
associated with caries

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23
Q

Where is S. salivarius located

A

found on the dorsum of the tongue and in saliva

24
Q

What does S. salivarius do?

A

not a major oral pathogen

25
Where is S. anguinsus located?
Gingival crevice
26
What does S. anguinsus do?
Associated with endodontic infections
27
Where is S. mitis located?
Dental plaque, tongue, and cheek
28
What does S. mitis do?
Associated with endocarditis and caries
29
The predominant cultivable species in subgingival plaque
``` Actinomyces Prevotella Porphyromonas Fusobacterium Veillonella ```
30
Oral ecosystem comprises of:
oral flora, different sites of the oral cavity where they grow, and the associated surroundings
31
Major oral habitats
``` keratinized and unkeratinized buccal mucosa dorsum of tongue tooth surfaces crevicular epithelium prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances ```
32
prerequisite for colonization
adherence of a microbe to an oral surface: needed for subsequent invasion and infection
33
Saliva modulates bacterial growth by:
- providing a pellicle for bacterial adhesion - acting as a nutrient source - co-aggregating bacteria - providing non-specific and specific defense factors - maintaining pH
34
What are nonspecific defense factors of saliva
lysozyme lactoferrin histatins
35
What are specific defense factors for saliva
IgA
36
are sessile organisms in biofilms are generally more resistant to antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts?
yes
37
Why?
Thick biofilm matrix | differentials in genetic and phenotypic makeup of the sessile forms
38
Gram Negative Bacteria in mouth
``` Aggregatibacter Moraxella Bacteroides Neisseria Campylobacter Prevotella Capnocytophaga Selenomonas Catonella Tannerella Cardiobacterium Porphyromonas Centipeda Treponema Dialister Veillonella Eikenella Wolinella Fusobacterium Haemophilus Leptotrichia Mitsuokella ```
39
Gram Positive Bacteria in the Mouth
``` Actinomyces Mogibacterium Arachnia Peptinophilus Atopobium Peptostreptococcus Bifidobacterium Propionibacterium Corynebacterium Rothia Eubacterium Stomatococcus Filifactor Streptococcus Finegoldia Gemella Granulicatella Lactobacillus ```
40
Immune System of the Oral Cavity
``` Oral mucosa saliva and salivary glands nasopharynx associated lymphoid tissue (tonsils) Tongue Tooth, plaque fluid and adjacent GCF ```
41
Oral mucosa immune system components
``` TLRs SIgA Beta-defensins Calprotectin Mucus Coat Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Lamina propria lymphocytes Microbial antagonism ```
42
Nasopharynx lymphoid tissue
``` SIgA CD4 Cells B cells TGF Beta Th17 response ```
43
Tongue
``` Circumvillate papillae Microbial antagonism von Ebners protein von Ebners glands normal flora ```
44
Saliva and Salivary Glands
``` SIgA Histatins Cystatins Lactoferrin Lysozyme Thrombospondin 1 Peroxidase Activity Mucins Agglutinins SLPI Chromogranin A ```
45
Tooth, plaque fluid, and adjacent GCF
``` Calprotectin Thrombospondin-1 PMNL and lysosomal contents complement enamel pellicle IgM, IgG Peroxidase Activity Lysozyme ```
46
Dental caries
chronic endogenous infection caused by normal oral commensal flora
47
root surface caries is increasingly prevalent later in life because..
gingival recession
48
Essential requirements for the developments of dental caries
- cariogenic bacteria - bacterial plaque - stagnation areas - fermentable bacterial substrate - susceptible tooth surfaces - time
49
Essential properties of cariogenic bacteria
- acidogenic - able to produce a pH low enough to decalcify tooth substance - able to survive and continue to produce acid at low pH levels - possess attachment mechanisms for firm adhesion to smooth tooth surfaces - able to produce adhesive, insoluble plaque polysaccharides (glucans)
50
Cariogenic properties of streptococcus mutans
produces lactic acid from sucrose can live at a pH as low as 4.2 forms large amounts of extracellular, sticky, and insoluble glucan plaque mix adheres to pellicle and contributes to plaque formation
51
Stages of Plaque formation
deposition of structure-lee, cell free, pellicle of salivary glycoprotein further deposition of pellicle enhanced by bacterial action precipitating salivary proteins colonization of the cell-free layer by bacteria, particularly by s. sanguis and s. mutans strains within 24 hours progressive buildup of plaque substance by bacterial polysaccharides proliferation of filamentous and other bacteria as the plaque matures
52
Effects of Saliva on Plaque formation
sucrose dissolves in saliva, actively taken up by plaque | buffering power of saliva limits fall in pH caused by acid formed in plaque
53
High saliva flow rates = ?
lower caries activity
54
Reduction in salivary production when?
Cariogenic diet is eaten
55
Which Ig is present in saliva
IgA
56
IgA prevents what
bacterial species from colonizing plaque

DMD 5315 (5 decks)

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