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Oral Microbiology Exam 1 > Oral Micro Exam 1 > Flashcards

Oral Micro Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing oral herpes?

A

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1

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2
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing genital herpes?

A

HHV-2 Herpes Simplex Virus-2

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3
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Chickenpox/Varicella?

A

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

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4
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing “Infectious” Mononucleosis?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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5
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (especially in immunosuppressed individuals)?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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6
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing “tranplant lung”?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

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7
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Neonatal Herpes?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus?

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8
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Herpetic Whitlow?

A

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (primarily)

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9
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Shingles (Zoster)?

A

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

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10
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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11
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing hairy leukoplakia (especially in immunosuppressed individuals)?

A

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

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12
Q

Which microbe is responsible for causing CMV congenital defects?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

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13
Q

Coxsakie Virus

A

Picornaviridae family, ssRNA genome, non-enveloped, mostly affects young children, hand, foot & mouth disease:rash, family includes Polio and Hep. A

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14
Q

Measles (Rubeola) Virus

A

Paramyxovirus family, ssRNA genome, enveloped virus, meales are caued by Tc cells tareting infected endothelial cells, Koplik spots, no iceberg effect, transmission via respiratory droplets

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15
Q

Human Papilloma Virus

A

dsDNA genome, no envelope, cases warts, cervical, anal and penile cancers as well as oral and throat cancers, Gardasil vaccine was the first anti-cancer vaccine approved for human use

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16
Q

Mumps Virus

A

Paramyxovirus family, dsRNA genome, enveloped virus, causes swelling of glands, iceberg effect (there are lots of individuals without any symptoms

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17
Q

Herpesviruses (characteristics)

A

Enveloped (fragile), Large dsNDA genome, replicate and assemble in nucleus, mucosal epithelium (primary), latency, multiple relapses common, serious infections in immunocompromised, antiviral therapies available

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18
Q

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1

A

Latent in Neuron, causes cold sores and oral ulcers

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19
Q

HHV-2 Herpes Simplex Virus-2

A

Latent in Nueron, causes Genital herpes

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20
Q

HHV-3 Varicella-Zoster Virus

A

Latent in Neuron, causes chickenpox (primary infection) and shingles (recurrent infection)

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21
Q

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Latent in B cells, causes infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

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22
Q

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

A

Latent in Lymph./Mono., causes congenital infections

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23
Q

HHV-6

A

Latent in T cells, causes Roseola infantum

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24
Q

HHV-7

A

Latent in T Cells, causes Roseola infantum

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25
Q

HHV-8 Kaposi’s Sarcoma Virus

A

Latent in lymphocytes, causes Kaposi’s sarcoma

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26
Q

What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the USA?

A

HHV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus-1

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27
Q

What is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the USA (and common reason for corneal transplantation)?

A

HSV-1 keratitis

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28
Q

What sort of correlation exists between herpes infections and risk of acquiring HIV during intercourse?

A

Herpes henitalis infection increases the risk by 2 to 4-fold

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29
Q

Which ganglion regions are typically affected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections?

A

HSV-1 Trigeminal ganglia and HSV-2 primarily infects the sacral ganlgia

30
Q

What are the main pathologies associated with HSV-1?

A

Hingivostomatitis and Herpes Labialis. Additional lesions from primary and secondary infections affect the eye and cause pathologies in the skin like eczema and witlow

31
Q

Name four viruses that have been linked to certain types of cancer.

A

Epstein-barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses and HPV

32
Q

What is the most common cause of intrauterine infections and of congential abnormalities in the USA?

A

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

33
Q

What is probably the most communicable human disease known?

A

Measles virus (transmitted via respiratory droplets initially replicating in the respiratory tract and the local lymphatic system)

34
Q

What cell-mediated response to the measles virus is responsible for the characteristic measles rash?

A

Tc cells targeting measles-infected endothelial cells of the capillaries

35
Q

Name four innate processes associated with oral immunity

A

Saliva, thick continually recycling epithelium, gingival junctional epithelium (leaky), comptetitive normal flora

36
Q

Junctional epithelial cells display HLA clas II and therefore can present extracellular antigenic peptides and activate what form of immune response?

A

Th cells

37
Q

What are the key features of the PMN lifecycle?

A

Bone marrow (creation), circulation/margination, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, local release, death

38
Q

Which receptor is responsible for interacting with LPS?

A

TLR-4

39
Q

Aerobic bacteria

A

Rothia, Neisseria

40
Q

Anaerobic bacteria

A

Veillonella, Treponema

41
Q

Facultative bacteria

A

Streptococcus, Enterococcus

42
Q

Autochthonous

A

Actinomyces, Rothia

43
Q

Red Complex

A

Tanerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella denticola

44
Q

Sacchrolytic bacteria

A

Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Neisseria

45
Q

Asacchrolytic bacteria

A

Veillonella, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteriodies, Porphyromonas

46
Q

Bacteria primarily responsible for dental caries

A

Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans

47
Q

Bacteria primarily responsible for periodontal infections

A

Treponema, A.a., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacterioides, Treponema denticola, Treponema forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis

48
Q

Bacteria primarily responsible for dental pulp infections

A

Enterococcus faecalis, Aggratibacter, Porphyromonas endodontalis

49
Q

Streptococcus anginosa group

A

found in plaque, mucosa, and respiratory tract, a common cause of purulen disease (mostly good in the oral cavity)

50
Q

Streptococcus mutans group

A

“Bad” mainly found in plaque, produces insoluble polysaccharides, grows well at low pH and produces large amounts of lactic acid, requires solid surface (like enamel) for optimal colonization (streptococcus mutans and sobrinus are two species commonly found in humans)

51
Q

Streptococcus mitis

A

“Good” a ‘pioneer’ species on teeth, makes insoluble and soluble polycaccharides, found on plaque and pharyngeal mucosa

52
Q

What is the most isolated bacteria from subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Streptococcus mitis

53
Q

Streptococcus salivarius

A

Gram+ cocci:”Good” colonizes much of the mucosal surface, especially the tongue, major source of bacteria in saliva and is not known to cause any oral pathologies

54
Q

Common oral gram-positive rods/branching

A

Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Rothia

55
Q

Common oral gram-negative cocci

A

Neisseria, Veillonella

56
Q

Common Oral Gram-Negative rods

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides, Tannerella, Porphyromonas, Prevotella

57
Q

Spirochetes

A

Treponema

58
Q

Common Oral Gram-Positive Cocci

A

Streptococcus, Enterococcus

59
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram + cocci Facultative, opportunist infections; able to survive harsh environments-significant nosocomial problem (E. faecalis commonly implicated in endodontic root canal failures and persistent infections

60
Q

Actinomyces

A

Gram+ rods/branching Autochthonous, forms a major portion of plaque flora, increases with gingivitis, associated with root caries, sugar-substrates, tolerates low pH

61
Q

Lactobacillus

A

Gram+ rods Increased # correlates well with cariogenic diet, associated dentin caries and advancing front of caries lesions, sugar-substrate, tolerates low pH, facultatitve

62
Q

Rothia

A

Gram + rods: Autochthonous, found only in the mouth, produce extracellular matrix, sugar-substrate, one of the frew true aerobics in oral flora

63
Q

Neisseria

A

Gram - Cocci: Aerobic, diplococcucs, saccharolytic, early colonizers, some can metabolize lactate

64
Q

Veillonella

A

Gram - cocci: Anaerobic, asaccharolytic, can metabolize lactic acid

65
Q

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

A

Gram - Rods: More common @ periodontal disease sites and aggressive periodontitis in juveniles

66
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum

A

Gram - Rods: Asaccharolytic, very long thin rod that many other bacteria attach to, associated with periodontitis

67
Q

Bacteroides

A

Gram - Rods:Common in the GI tract and found in GI infections, also associated with periodontitis, asaccharolytic

68
Q

Tanerrella

A

Gram - Rods: associated with aggressive periodontal infections one of the three that forms the red complex

69
Q

Porphyromonas

A

Gram - Rods: Asaccarolytic, protein-substrate, subgingival, associated with periodontitis and infected root canals (also has one straing (P. gingivalis) that makes up one of the three in the red complex

70
Q

Prevotella

A

Gram - Rods: Saccharolytic and can also use protein substrates (some associated with periodontitis)

71
Q

Treponema

A

Spirochete: Found in gingivitis and periodontitis, very anaerobic

Oral Microbiology Exam 1 (1 decks)

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