oral medicine Flashcards
moon facies, buffalo hump
HTN, hypercalcemia
Cushing syndrome
hyperpigmentation-bronzing,brown macule
Addison disease
potency sequence of bisphosphonates
ETCPARIZ
the cannabis plant, THC, Primary effects are pain reduction, seizure alleviation, and altered
perception
Marijuana
Marijuana side effects
Tachycardia
Hallucinations,orthostatic hypotension
Chronic bronchitis
Opioids
Primary effects are pain reduction, modest sedation, and euphoria
* Abuse can lead to pupil constriction and respiratory depression
Cocaine
Blocks the reuptake of dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine
* Abuse can lead to tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, pupil dilation, heart attack or stroke
Amphetamines
The primary effects are management of ADHD
Abuse can lead to acute schizophrenia
Causes the release of dopamine stores into the synapse
Alcohol CAUSES
gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia
liver cirrhosis
Alcohol
Withdrawal symptoms include delirium tremens
Manage withdrawal with adequate nutrition and rest and benzodiazepine/beta-blocker in gradually decreasing doses
preeclampsia
hypertension, proteinuria,edema,blurred vision
ABCD drugs for COPD
Anticholinergics
Ipratropium, tiotropium
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Corticosteroids
Fluticasone (inhaled), prednisone (oral)
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Theophylline
ABCD drugs for asthma
Antihistamines* Diphenhydramine, fexofenidine
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Epinephrine, albuterol, formoterol, salmeterol
Corticosteroids Prednisone, budesonide, fluticasone
Decongestants* Pseudoephedrine
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Montelukast, zafirlukast
an exogenous increase in cortisol
20mg hydrocortisone = 5mg prednisone = 0.75mg
dexamethasone
grave’s disease
hyperthyroidism
symptoms of grave’s disease
Fatigue, nervousness, heat intolerance, weight
loss, tachycardia, exophthalmos, goiter
hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
wormian bones
hypothyroidism
cretnism
in children( hypothyroidism)
accelerated tooth eruption
hyperthyroidism
Kidney stones, painful bones, abdominal groans,
and psychiatric moans
* Generalized loss of lamina dura
* Salt and pepper
* Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels
hyperparathyroidism
BMI Values
- Underweight is <18.5 * Normal is 18.5-24.9
- Overweight is 25-29.9 * Obese is ≥30
- Morbidly obese is ≥40
- Surface antigen(HBsAg)
- Surface antibody(anti-HBs)
- Core antibody(anti-HBc)
- IgM antibody(IgM anti-HBc)
infectious
immunity
history, persistent
history, temporary
quid
betel leaf package for chewing
betel nut oral manifestations
oral lichen planus
SCC
gingival recession
attrition
extrinsic staining
inhibits TNF-ALPHA, IL-6
Thalidomide
proteasome inhibitor
bortezomib
punched out RL , Amyloidosis of the tongue
multiple myeloma
chronic bronchitis
elevated Hb
peripheral edema
cyanotic and obese
rhonchi, wheezing
productive cough more than 3 months
inflamed bronchi
emphysema
severe dyspnea
quite chest
older and thin
hyperinflation with flattened diaphragm
permanent enlargement and destruction of air spaces(alveoli)
asthma
swollen lining
increase mucus.
muscle tightness
goblet cell hyperplasia
nitrous oxide is used for
dental anxiety
gag reflex
asthma
bisphosphonates
slows tooth movement.
impairs bone healing.
increase bone density
uses of bisphosphonate
MORPHoloGic
steps of platelet pathway
adhesion (vWF, GP 1b)
activation (thromboxane A2, ADP)
aggregation (GP 2b/3a, fibrinogen)
