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Paediatric Dentistry BDS3 > Oral Medicine > Flashcards

Oral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 viral causes of orofacial soft tissue infections

A

primary herpes
herpangina
hand foot and mouth

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2
Q

what are the bacterial causes of orofacial soft tissue infections

A

staphylococcal
streptococcal
syphilis

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3
Q

what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by

A

HSV 1

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4
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

fluid filled vesicles
severe oedematous marginal gingivitis
fever
headache
malaise
cervical lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

how do you treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

bed rest
soft diet/hydration
paracetamol
antimicrobial gel or mouthwash
aciclovir for immunocompromised

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6
Q

how long does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis last

A

14 days

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7
Q

what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis triggered by

A

sunlight
stress
other causes of ill health

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8
Q

what causes herpangina and hand, foot and mouth

A

coxsackie A virus

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9
Q

what is herpangina

A

vesicles in the tonsillar/pharyngeal region lasting 7-10 days

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10
Q

what is hand, foot and mouth

A

ulceration on gingivae/tongue/cheeks and palate
maculopapular rash on hands and feet
lasts 7-10 days

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11
Q

what are the 10 key facts of oral ulceration

A

onset
frequency
number
site
size
duration
exacerbating dietary factors
lesions in other areas
associated medical problems
treatment so far

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12
Q

what are the causes of oral ulceration

A

infection
immune mediated disorders - crohns
vesiculobulbous disorders
inherited or acquired immunodeficiency disorders
neoplastic/haematological
trauma
vitamin deficiencies
recurrent aphthous stomatitis

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13
Q

what do recurrent aphthous ulcerations look like

A

round or ovoid in shape with grey or yellow base

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14
Q

what are the 3 patterns of recurrent aphthous ulcers

A

minor
major
herpetiform

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15
Q

what are the aetiological factors for recurrent ulceration

A

hereditary predisposition
haematological and deficiency disorders
GI disease
minor trauma in susceptible individual
stress
allergic disorders
hormonal disturbance

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16
Q

what investigations for recurrent ulcers

A

diet diary
FBC
haematinics
coeliac screen

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17
Q

how do you manage recurrent ulcers

A

diet analysis
low ferritin - 3 months iron
low folate/B12 - refer to paediatrician

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18
Q

what are exacerbating factors with ulcers

A

nutritional deficiencies
traumatic factors
sharp or spicy food

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19
Q

what pharmacological managementfor ulcers is available in GDP

A

prevention of superinfection - corsodyl
protect healing ulcers - genigel topical gel
symptomatic relief - difflam spray/LA spray

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20
Q

what is orofacial granulomatosis

A

non caseating giant cell granulomas which can either occur with or without crohns disease

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21
Q

what are the clinical features of OFG

A

lip swelling
full thickness
swelling of non-labial facial tissues
peri-oral erythema
cobblestone appearance of buccal mucosa
liner oral ulceration
mucosal tags
lip/tongue fissuring
angular cheilitis

22
Q

what are investigations for OFG

A

measure growth
FBC
haematinics
patch testing
diet diary
faecal calprotectin

23
Q

how do you manage OFG

A

symptomatic relief for oral ulcers
dietary exclusion
manage nutritional deficiencies
topical steroids
oral steroids

24
Q

what is geographic tongue

A

shiny red areas on tongue with loss of filliform papillae surrounded by white margins

25
Q

what can geographic tongue cause in children

A

intense discomfort
discomfort with spicy food/tomato or citrus fruit and juice

26
Q

how do you manage geographic tongue

A

bland diet during flare ups

27
Q

what are the 4 main types of solid swellings

A

fibroepithelial polyp
epulides
congenital epulis
HPV associated mucosal swellings

28
Q

what is a fibroepithelial polyp

A

firm pink lump mainly in cheeks, lip or tongue which remains a constant size

29
Q

what is fibroepithelial polyp initiated by

A

minor trauma

30
Q

how do you cure fibroepithelial polyp

A

surgical excision

31
Q

what is epulides

A

common solid swelling of oral mucosa
benign hyperplastic lesions

32
Q

what are the 3 main types of epulides

A

fibrous epulis
pyogenic granuloma
peripheral giant cell granuloma

33
Q

what is a fibrous epulis

A

pedunculated or sessile mass
firm consistency
similar colour to surrounding gingivae
inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrous tissue

34
Q

what is a pyogenic granuloma

A

soft deep red/purple swelling which is often ulcerated and can haemorrhage easily

35
Q

what is a peripheral giant cell granuloma

A

pedunculated or sessile swelling
typically dark red and ulcerated
arises interproximally and has an hour glass shape

36
Q

what is a congenital epulis

A

rare lesion in neonates in anterior maxilla
granular cells covered with epithelium but it is benign

37
Q

what are the 2 types of HPV associated swellings

A

verruca vulgaris and squamous cell papilloma

38
Q

what is a verruca vulgaris

A

solitary or multiple intra oral lesions associated with skin warts
most commonly on keratinised tissue but can be removed surgically

39
Q

what is a squamous cell papilloma

A

small pedunculated cauliflower like growths which are benign

40
Q

what are the 4 main types of fluid swelling

A

mucoceles
ranula
bohns nodules
epstein pearls

41
Q

what are the two variants of mucocele

A

mucous extravasation cyst
mucous retention cysts

42
Q

what is a ranula

A

mucocele but in floor of mouth

43
Q

what do ranulas arise from

A

minor salivary glands or ducts of sublingual/submandibular gland

44
Q

what investigations are needed for a ranula

A

ultrasound or MRI

45
Q

what are bohns nodules

A

gingival cysts filled with keratin on alveolar ridge
remnants of dental lamina

46
Q

what are epstein pearls

A

small cystic lesions found along palatal mid line

47
Q

what is TMJDS characterised by

A

pain
masticatory muscle spasm
limited jaw opening

48
Q

what is the history for TMJDS

A

description of presenting symptoms
when did discomfort begin
pain worse at any time during the day
exacerbating factors
habits
stress

49
Q

how do you examine TMJDS extraorally

A

palpation of muscles of mastication both at rest and when teeth clenched
palpation of TMJ at rest and when opening and closing
check for deviation of jaw
extent of normal opening

50
Q

what is intraoral exam of TMJDS

A

assessment of dental wear facets
signs of clenching/grinding - scalloped tongue/buccal mucosa ridges

51
Q

how do you manage TMJDS

A

explain condition
reduce exacerbating factors
bite raising appliance
allow over worked muscles to rest - soft diet

52
Q

what is used for symptomatic relief of TMJDS

A

ibuprofen
alternating use of hot and cold packs

Paediatric Dentistry BDS3 (8 decks)

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