Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1008 > ORAL MEDICATIONS > Flashcards

ORAL MEDICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

medication

A

substance used in diagnosis, treatment cure, relief of prevent health alteration
medication may be prescription, non-prescription, complementary/herbal preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acute care - RN roles

A

ensure pt. prepared to administer meds when discharged
educate pt. about meds & side effects
ensure med regimes are ‘fit for purpose’, practice & sustainable
assesses effects of meds in restoring/maintaining health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aus national med policy

A

maximise indiv. benefit from med regime

achieve safe, effective & appropriate use of meds & optimise medicinal use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

quality use of medicines

A

aus response -> National Medicines Policy

wise -> ensuring best treatment plan

necessary -> ensuring when meds are needed, theyre carefully selected, managed, monitored & reviewed

safe & effective -> minimising misuse, overuse & underuse while achieving goals of therapy by delivering beneficial changes in health outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medication team

A

prescriber
nurse
pharmacists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medication management cycle

A

working together in all aspects to prevent an error
prescriber -> prescribe/issue med
pharmacist -> review medicine order, issue of med, education patient
nurse -> distribute/storage of med, adminster/monitor med response, transfer of verified info, educate patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RNs role in meds

A

RN’s prescribing/administering meds are accountable for knowing meds prescribed, therapeutic/non-therapeutic effects & patients need for med

provides education to patient & family about med & effects

assesess patients need for med before dose

evaluates therapeutic & non-therapeutic effects of medication & clinical outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

errors in medication cycle

A

ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering

O-> wrong dose, drug, route/form, allergy/drug interaction

T -> dose, route, patient, time, drug

D -> dose, route, patient, time, incorrect labelling/drug ID, primary catch for allergy/drug interaction

A -> patient, dose, drug, time/omitted, route, frequently involves infusion pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study how medication enters body, moves through body & leaves body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

process in which med interacts with body cells to produce biological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

therapeutic effect

A

desired result or action of med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

absorption

A

passage of a drug from administration site to bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

distribution

A

process of delivering mediation to tissues, organs & the specific site of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

metabolism

A

process by which drug is altered to less active form to prepare for excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

excretion

A

process removes less active drug or its metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adverse drug reaction

A

harmful unintended reaction to medicines that occur at doses normally used for treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

medication interactions

A

when drug action is modified by presence of certain food/herb or other medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

antagonism

A

occurs when drug effect is decreased by taking the drug with another substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

drug incompatibility

A

mixing medications in solution that causes precipitation or combining drug with another that causes adverse chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diversity considerations

A

pregnancy -> extreme risk to developing foetus
infants -> require smaller doses
older adults -> increased side effects
gender -> drug actions differ based on hormone levels & distribution of body fat
genetics -> affecting drug metabolism & influence dosage needs
cultural factors -> herbal med may affect action of prescribed meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

drugs half life -> expected time it takes for blood conc. to measure half of original drug dose due to drug elimination

onset of action -> time body takes to respond to drug after administration

plasma plasma level -> indicated highest serum (blood) concentration

trough -> lowest serum level of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

side effects

A

predictable but unwanted & sometimes unavoidable reactions to medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

toxic effects

A

result from medication overdose or the buildup of medication in the blood due to impaired metabolism & excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

allergic reactions

A

unpredictable immune responses to medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

routes of administration

A

Oral Routes -> oral, sublingual, buccal

Parenteral Routes -> subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, epidural, intrathecal, intraosseus, intraperitoneal, intradermal, intraarterial

Topical Routes -> skin, mucous membranes, inhalation, introcular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

dosage calcs

A

Tablets -> dose required = amount to be administered stock strength

Liquids -> dose required x volume = amount administered stock strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

benefits of EMMS

A

fewer prescribing errors

lower dispensing errors through med orders, automation & barcode scanning

reduced admin errors through clearer info

less omission/commission errors in care through improved info transfer

improved med adherence & minimised misuse, overuse & underuse of meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

medication errors

A

any event that could cause/lead to incorrect administration to prescribers orders

may occur when RN fails to follow routine procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

preventable errors

A

use of incorrect drug
prescribing errors
administration errors
incorrect drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

legal/valid orders

A

written/printed in ink / entered in EMMS
signed by prescriber & contact number
full name of recipient, medication, dosage, route, frequency
reason for administration
detail the number of times drug may be dispensed or time between repeated administrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

reason for med

A

RN must assess if reason for med is valid
medicine needs to be assessed as being appropriate for patient in current state
RN must assess patient for particular med & evaluate if its been given for right reasons
if no reason is apparent, contact prescriber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

5 rights of medication

A 
right med / right reason
right dose
right patient
right route
right time / frequency
33
Q

Drug Scheduling

A 
Schedule 1-intentionally blank. 
Schedule 2- Pharmacy Medicine  
Schedule 3- Pharmacist Only Medicine 
prescription. 
Schedule 4- Prescription Only Medicine 
Schedule S4 appendixD: 
require storage and security (NSW)
Schedule 5- Poisons of a hazardous nature 
Schedule 6-Poison 
Schedule 7 – Dangerous Poison 
Schedule 8- Controlled Drug 
substances which should be available for use but require restriction 
Schedule 9- Prohibited Substance
34
Q

Prescribing rules

A

drugs in S4/8 must be prescribed by medical officer
in emergencies, verbal order is permitted by must be written up in 24hrs
NP’s can prescribe from predetermined formulae

35
Q

accountable medications

A

S4D, S8

S4/SD4 drugs are liable to abuse

36
Q

register of S8 drugs

A 
record 
patients name
prescribed drug/dose
doctors name
date/time of administration
balance of ampoules/tablets/capsules or liquids in supply
37
Q

RN’s accountability

A

responsible for own actions
required by law to be knowledgeable of meds
must be knowledgeable about restricted drugs
must sign chart after administration
document reason why med wasnt given

38
Q

fatal errors

A

giving med prepared by someone else
signing med given by someone else
not checking correctly 5 rights 3 times
trade vs generic name
leaving medication by bedside & not watching them be consumed
administering med from unlabelled container
administering med where order is incorrect

39
Q

caplet

A

solid dosage form for oral use, shaped like capsule & coated for ease of swallowing

40
Q

capsule

A

solid dosage for oral use, medication in powder/liquid/oil form & encased in gelatine shell, capsule coloured to aid in product identification

41
Q

elixir

A

clear fluid containing water and/or alcohol, designed for oral use, usually has sweetener added

42
Q

enteric-coated tablet

A

oral use coated with materials that don’t dissolve in stomach, coatings dissolve in intestine, where medication is absorbed

43
Q

extract

A

concentrated medication form made by removing active portion of medication from its other components e.g. fluid extract is medication made into solution from vegetable source

44
Q

glycerite

A

solution of mediation combined with glycerine for external use, contains at least 50% glycerine

45
Q

intra-ocular disc

A

small flexible oval consisting of 2 soft outer layers & a middle layer containing medication, when moistened by ocular fluid, releases medication for up to a week

46
Q

liniment

A

preparation usually containing alcohol, oil or soapy emollient that is apples to skin

47
Q

lotion

A

medication in liquid suspension applied external `

48
Q

ointment

A

semi-solid, external applied preparation, usually containing one or more medications

49
Q

paste

A

semi-solid prep, thicker & stiffer than ointment, absorbed through skin more slowly than ointment

50
Q

pessery

A

solid dosage form mixed with gelatine & shaped into form of pellet for insertion into vagina, melts when it reaches body temp, releasing medication for absorption

51
Q

pill

A

solid dosage form containing one or more medications, in globule, avoid or oblong shape, true pills are rarely used because they have been replaced by tablets

52
Q

solution

A

liquid prep that may used orally, parenterally or externally, can also be instilled into body organ or cavity e.g. bladder irrigations, contains water with one or more dissolved compounds, must be sterile for parenteral use

53
Q

suppository

A

solid dosage form mixed commonly with gelatine or wax & shaped into form of pellet for insertion into rectum, melts when reaches body temp, releasing medication for absorption

54
Q

suspension

A

finely divided drug particles dispersed in liquid medium, when suspension is left standing, particles settle to bottom of container, commonly an oral medication & not given intravenously

55
Q

syrup

A

medication dissolved in conc. sugar, may contain flavouring to make medication more palatable

56
Q

tablet

A

powered dosage form compressed into hard disks or cylinders

57
Q

tincture

A

alcohol or water - alcohol medication solution

58
Q

transdermal disc/patch

A

medication contained within semi-permeable membrane disc or patch which allows medications to be absorbed trough skin slowly over long period

59
Q

troche / lozenge

A

flat, round dosage form containing medication, flavouring, sugar & mucilage, dissolves in mouth to release medication

60
Q

in the morning

A

mane

61
Q

night

A

nocte

62
Q

twice a day

A

bd

63
Q

three times a day

A

tds

64
Q

four times a day

A

qid

65
Q

when required

A

prn

66
Q

immediately

A

stat

67
Q

extended/sustained release coated drug

A

extends release over time reduces number of doses

68
Q

sublingual

A

place medication under tongue until tablet dissolves. Blood telesales under tongue are very close to surface

69
Q

buccual

A

place between cheek & teeth until dissolved

70
Q

3 checks (5 rights)

A

1st -> prior to disposing med
2nd -> after dispensing med
3rd -> immediately prior to administering med to pt.

71
Q

right medication check

A

check selected med against order (check MIMS)

check 3 times -> when selecting, when removing, when returning

72
Q

right patient

A

check pt. ID band
ask their name & DOB
check name & patient ID against med chart

73
Q

common abbreviations

A 
subcut -> subcutaneous
IM -> intramuscular
IV -> intravenous
PICC -> peripherally inserted central catheter
PEG -> percutaneous enteral gastronomy
PO -> oral
subling -> sublingual 
PR -> per rectum
PV -> per vagina
NEB -> nebuliser
MA -> metered aerosol 
NG -> nasogastric
74
Q

reasons for nurse not administering

A

must be recorded
if pt. refuses, prescriber must be notified
if med withheld, reason must be documented in medical notes
if med not available, person administering has to notify pharmacy, obtain supply or contact prescriber
its appropriate to withhold if theres known adverse drug reaction
withhold if pt is pre-operative, NBM or fasting

75
Q

telephone medication order

A

person receiving order must be authorised
due to misinterpretation, orders must be read back to prescriber with numbers, figures & words
prescriber should repeat to second person
administration must be recorded on med chart in telephone order section

76
Q

loss of S4 / S8 drug

A

report to nurse in charge
complete incident report
immediately record balance in drug register with witness highlighting deficit
note to hospital director & director of pharmacy/nursing
director of pharmacy notify NSW ministry of health

77
Q

eye drop method

A

clean patients eyes
prevent accidental contact of eye dropper with eye structure
when administering medications that cause systemic effects
apply gentle pressure with finger & clean tissue on clients nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds
apply thin stream of ointment evenly along inner edge of lower eyelid on conjunctive from the inner cants to the outer canthus

78
Q

ear drops method

A

children (3 & under) -> pull auricle down & back

adult -> pull auricle upwards & outwards

1008 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions