oral med textbook Flashcards
common viral infections affecting oral cavity?
herpes simplex
varicella zoster
hand foot and mouth
herpangina
what virus is responsible for hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina?
who do these diseases affect?
coxsackie A virus
children
how does hand foot and mouth present?
lesions on any part of the oral mucosa
how does herpangina present?
soft palate tonsils and pharynx lesions
what is an ulcer?
break or defect in the epithelial covering and underlying connective tissue is exposed to saliva and microorganisms in the oral cavity
- acute inflammation CT becomes red and inflammed with white necrotic centre
two main causes of ulceration?
idiopathic
trauma
why might trauma cause ulceration?
mechanical - sharp cusps, ortho appliances
chemical - aspirin dissolution in oral sulcus
thermal - hot food or drink
describe minor apthous ulceration?
small ulcers grey slough and erythematous mucosa
ulcers may be multiple
non keratinised mucosa
last about 10-14 days
symptomatic treatment
describe major apthous ulceration?
larger in diameter
keratinised and non keratinised
last 4-6 weeks
heal with scarring
some other causes of ulceration?
squamous cell carcinoma
ulceration bc breakdown of vesicles = pemphigus vulgaris
what is frictional keratosis?
response to chronic trauma
common on buccal mucosa as occlusal line
- chronic biting, sharp cusp, over extended denture or ortho appliance
correct diagnosis - lesion should match up to source of trauma
how does lichen planus present?
- reticular white striations bilaterally on buccal mucosa
- gingivae may be red and fiery
- skin lesions - wrists and shins - purple papules
what is the histology behind lichen planus?
mucosa becomes keratinised leading to white strriation
lymphocytes in deeper epithelium associated with destruction in deeper layers.
cell mediated immune reaction with idiopathic cause
What are lichenoid reactions?
lesions resembling lichen planus casued by drugs and dental materials
common drugs causing lichenoid reactions?
antihypertensive drugs
oral hypoglycaemic crugs
what is a leukoplakia?
white patch with no obvious cause
small portion have risk of becoming malignant
= premalignant lesion
what is a homogenous leukoplakia?
flat white patches with regular surface
low risk of becoming malignant
what is a non homogenous leukoplakia?
variation in surface contour - nodular/spiky
red areas/white areas
highest risk of turning malignant
what types of oral cancer occur most?
90% are squamous cell carcinomas
risk factors for oral cancer?
smoking
smokeless tobacco
drinking
HPV
common sites of oral cancer and why?
lateral border of tongue and FOM and retromolar region
carcinogens present in tobacco and alcohol dissolve in saliva and pool in these areas
lower lip - sunlight
clinical features that may indicate oral cancer?
- non homogenous leukoplakia
- non healing ulceration
- erythroplakia
- fungating structures
- ## frim/hard surfaces
causes of fibrous hyperplasia?
overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue in response to chronic trauma
- plaque/calc, ortho appliance, denture, malocclusion
what is a pyogenic granuloma?
red/blue vascular lesion
bleeds easy
related to poor oh/hormonal lesions - pregnancy
