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finals - extra > oral med textbook > Flashcards

oral med textbook Flashcards

1
Q

common viral infections affecting oral cavity?

A

herpes simplex
varicella zoster
hand foot and mouth
herpangina

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2
Q

what virus is responsible for hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina?
who do these diseases affect?

A

coxsackie A virus

children

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3
Q

how does hand foot and mouth present?

A

lesions on any part of the oral mucosa

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4
Q

how does herpangina present?

A

soft palate tonsils and pharynx lesions

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5
Q

what is an ulcer?

A

break or defect in the epithelial covering and underlying connective tissue is exposed to saliva and microorganisms in the oral cavity
- acute inflammation CT becomes red and inflammed with white necrotic centre

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6
Q

two main causes of ulceration?

A

idiopathic

trauma

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7
Q

why might trauma cause ulceration?

A

mechanical - sharp cusps, ortho appliances
chemical - aspirin dissolution in oral sulcus
thermal - hot food or drink

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8
Q

describe minor apthous ulceration?

A

small ulcers grey slough and erythematous mucosa
ulcers may be multiple
non keratinised mucosa
last about 10-14 days

symptomatic treatment

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9
Q

describe major apthous ulceration?

A

larger in diameter
keratinised and non keratinised
last 4-6 weeks
heal with scarring

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10
Q

some other causes of ulceration?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

ulceration bc breakdown of vesicles = pemphigus vulgaris

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11
Q

what is frictional keratosis?

A

response to chronic trauma
common on buccal mucosa as occlusal line
- chronic biting, sharp cusp, over extended denture or ortho appliance
correct diagnosis - lesion should match up to source of trauma

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12
Q

how does lichen planus present?

A
  • reticular white striations bilaterally on buccal mucosa
  • gingivae may be red and fiery
  • skin lesions - wrists and shins - purple papules
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13
Q

what is the histology behind lichen planus?

A

mucosa becomes keratinised leading to white strriation
lymphocytes in deeper epithelium associated with destruction in deeper layers.
cell mediated immune reaction with idiopathic cause

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14
Q

What are lichenoid reactions?

A

lesions resembling lichen planus casued by drugs and dental materials

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15
Q

common drugs causing lichenoid reactions?

A

antihypertensive drugs

oral hypoglycaemic crugs

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16
Q

what is a leukoplakia?

A

white patch with no obvious cause
small portion have risk of becoming malignant
= premalignant lesion

17
Q

what is a homogenous leukoplakia?

A

flat white patches with regular surface

low risk of becoming malignant

18
Q

what is a non homogenous leukoplakia?

A

variation in surface contour - nodular/spiky
red areas/white areas
highest risk of turning malignant

19
Q

what types of oral cancer occur most?

A

90% are squamous cell carcinomas

20
Q

risk factors for oral cancer?

A

smoking
smokeless tobacco
drinking
HPV

21
Q

common sites of oral cancer and why?

A

lateral border of tongue and FOM and retromolar region
carcinogens present in tobacco and alcohol dissolve in saliva and pool in these areas
lower lip - sunlight

22
Q

clinical features that may indicate oral cancer?

A
  • non homogenous leukoplakia
  • non healing ulceration
  • erythroplakia
  • fungating structures
  • ## frim/hard surfaces
23
Q

causes of fibrous hyperplasia?

A

overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue in response to chronic trauma
- plaque/calc, ortho appliance, denture, malocclusion

24
Q

what is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

red/blue vascular lesion
bleeds easy
related to poor oh/hormonal lesions - pregnancy

25
Q

what is a giant cell granuloma?

A

red blue vascular lesion in anterior part of mouth
not related to poor oh
cause unknown and tx = excision

26
Q

what is a mucocele?

A

cystic swelling caused by trauma to minor salivary glands

27
Q

what is primary sjogrens?

secondary?

A
  • dry eyes dry mouth

- associated with another autoimmune disorder

28
Q

features of xerostomia?

A 
trouble eating/swallowing
increased caries risk
more perio disease
smooth red mucosa
fungal infections
ulceration
29
Q

patients suffering from iron deficient anaemia may suffer from what orally?

A
  • apthous ulceration
  • angular chelitis - candida or staph aureus
  • mucosal atrophy
30
Q

patients suffering from type one diabetes may suffer from what orally?

A
  • dry mouth
  • fungal infection by candida
  • increased perio risk
  • poor wound healing
31
Q

markers of HIV disease orally?

A

fungal infections
hair leukoplakia
kaposis sarcoma
severe perio disease

32
Q

oral signs of leukaemia?

A

swollen ulcerated gingivae

gingivale haemorrhage

33
Q

describe signs of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

sharp severe episodic pain lasting a few seconds
pain caused by touch

tx by carbamazepine

finals - extra (9 decks)

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