Oral Language Development July 7 Flashcards
What are the three areas of oral development
Form, Content, Use
What are children with language delay or disability referred to as having?
A language impairment
What are the two subtypes of LI and explain
- Specific Language Impairment: when only language development is affected
2: Language-Learning Disorder: where LI co-exists with literacy disorder
What are three causes of LI
Biological Factors
Cognitive Factors
Behavioural Factors
What are examples of biological factors
Family history, genetic risk
What are examples of cognitive factors
Neurological structure, information processing, delayed language acquisition, inefficient auditory processing
What are examples of behavioural factors
Maternal education, socioeconomic status
What are areas included in form?
Syntax, Phonology, Morphology
Explain “Syntax”
Syntax: refers to the rule system that governs how words are combined (phrases, sentences etc)
Also specifies word order, sentence organization and relationship between words/phrases/sentences
Explain “Morphology”
Morphology: is a way to modulate meaning, convey subtle meaning or serve a specific grammatical purpose through markers
Can alter tense, or durative aspect
Explain “phonology”
Phonology: rules that govern the distribution of sound units in a given language or the sequencing of how sounds in a language can be combined
What does form look like in children with a language impairment? (grammar)
Deficits in Grammar are hallmarks 2. Omission of morphosyntactic markers - where they are obligatory (past tense -ed, third person singular -s, copular form of verb be (am) 3. Deficits in comprehension/grammatical judgment - passive construction - embedded clauses pronominal references 4. Inconsistent in application - they don't completely lack grammar
What does form look like in children with a language impairment? (phonology)
Deficits in Phonology
- Speech pattern errors or poor phonological awareness
- fail to recognize which sounds are important for signalling meaning in language
What area is included in content?
Semantics
Explain “semantics”
Semantics: meaning of language Includes - schemas and background knowledge -vocabulary development - concept development
What does content look like in children with a language impairment?
- Impoverished vocabularies
- Word retrieval issues
- uses “umm, ahh” type words
- vague terms
- words similar but not as precise - Slow to learn new words
- need more exposure than those without LI - Fewer semantic features
- ex may not be able to know one word has multiple meanings (cold)
What area is included in use?
Pragmatics
Explain “pragmatics”
Pragmatics: the language”know how”
- encompasses rules of conversation
- includes nonverbal behaviours
What does use look like in children with a language impairment?
- Difficulties understanding complex language
- Difficulties telling coherent narrative
- Difficulties understanding abstract and ambiguous language
What/who is a hallmark child with pragmatic difficulties?
A child with ASD
Why is it important that children in primary grades have syntactic and morphological skills?
A shared understanding among speakers of how words should be ordered to create meaning and understanding
Why is it important that primary grades have an understanding of semantics?
Sharing information Giving and following directions Learning new concepts and words related to different curricular areas Re telling info from a story or text Using language to predict or infer Using language to problem solve
Why is it important that primary grades have an understanding of pragmatics?
(what theyre saying) - convey a clear message - beginning and ending a conversation - interrupting appropriately - when and how to take turns - how to repair if listener is confused (how theyre saying it) - understanding and using body language - using appropriate volume, tone, pitch - using language that is sensitive to the feeling of others
Listening from a Kindergarten Student
- follow 1-2 simple directions in sequence
- listen to and understand stories read aloud
- follow simple conversation
Expression from a Kindergarten Student
(8) - understood by most people
- answer simple yes/no questions
- answer open ended questions
- use conjunctions (so, because, if)
- use verbs, third person singular, regular past tense
- retell a story or talk about an event
- participate in conversation
- show interest in and start conversation
Listening from a Grade 1
- remember information
- respond to instruction
- follow 2-3 step direction in a sequence
Expression from a Grade 1
(9) - be easily understood
- answer more complex yes/no qs
- tell and retell stories and events in logical order
- expressive vocab (3000-5000)
- express ideas with variety of complete sentences
- ask and respond to “wh” questions
- stay on topic and take turns in conversation
- give directions
- start conversations
Listening from a Grade 2
- Follow 3-4 oral directions in a sequence
- understand direction words
- correctly answer questions about a grade level story
Expression from a Grade 2
- easily understood
- answer more complex yes/no
- ask and answer “wh” questions
- use increasingly complex sentences
- clarify and explain words and ideas
- give directions with multiple steps
- use oral lang to inform, persuade, entertain
- establish and maintain social status
- stay on topic
- open and close convo
Listening from a Grade 3
Listen attentively in groups
Understand grade level material
Expression from a Grade 3
- Speaks clearly
- answers appropriately to questions
- participates in conversations and group discussions
- use subject related vocab
- stay on topic (+pragmatics)
- summarize a story accurately
- narratives contain complete or multiple episodes
Listening from Grade 4 and 5
Listen to and understand information presented by others
Form opinions based on evidence
Listen and draw conclusions in subject area learning activities
Expression from a Grade 4 and 5
- participate in class discussions across subjects
- use language effectively for multiple purposes
- narratives include complex, embedded and interactive episodes
- understand some figurative language
- give accurate directions to others
- summarize and restate ideas
- use subject area info and vocab for learning
- effective oral presentations
- good pragmatis
