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oral functions 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define ingestion

A

movement of food from the external environment into the mouth

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2
Q

how does ingestion happen

A

accomplished by biting (anterior teeth) and / or using “tools” such as cutlery

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3
Q

what role does lips play in ingestion

A 
they provide an anterior oral seal
cant control food in the mouth without the muscles around the lips 
- orbicularis oris 
- buccinator
(prevent spillages)
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4
Q

what is stage 1 transport

A

moving material from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth
food is gathered on tongue tip

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5
Q

what happens in stage 1 transport

A

the tongue retracts
pulling the material to the posterior teeth
(pull back process)
takes about 1 second

associated with the retraction of the hyoid bone and narrowing of the oropharynx

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6
Q

define mechanical processing

A

some solid foods must be broken down and mixed with saliva before they can be swallowed

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7
Q

what happens to moist solid food like fruit before transport and swallowing

A

needs to have the fluid removed

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8
Q

what teeth chew the food

A

premolar and molars

although molars are not always needed - prosthetic dentistry

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9
Q

what happens to some soft foods in mechanical processing

A

they are squashed by tongue against the hard palate

so the tongue is involved in chewing

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10
Q

what happens to the hyoid bone in chewing

A

it retracts

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11
Q

what does food processing involve

A

the co-ordinated actions of the following muscles
> mandibular muscles (also called the muscles of mastication)
> the supra-hyoid muscles
> tongue muscles
> the lips and cheeks

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of tongue muscles

A
  • intrinsic

- extrinsic

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13
Q

what is the function of intrinsic tongue muscles

name these

A

alters the shape

  • longitudinal
  • vertical
  • transverse
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14
Q

what is the function of extrinsic tongue muscles and name these

A

alters shape and position

  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • palatoglossus
  • styloglossus
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15
Q

what are the tongues actions in chewing

A
  • controls the bolus
  • gathers good and rotates to reposition the bolus on the occlusal table
  • the tongue along with the cheeks, keeps the bolus on the chewing surfaces
  • the tongue and cheeks act in a reciprocal manner to place the food on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth
  • the tongue moves the bolus from side to side of the mouth
  • tongue gathers the bolus for transport
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16
Q

what way should patients chew

A

bilaterally

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17
Q

what is the problem with chewing unilaterally

A

it is not good for the masticatory system
leads to problems with the masticatory muscles
hypertrophic muscles on one side of the face if chewing unilateral

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18
Q

what happens to the tongue during the occlusal and initial opening phases

A

the tongue moves froward

this creates a contact between the tongue and the hard palate

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19
Q

what is the squeeze back mechanism

A

> the contact (created during the occlusal and initial opening phases) moves progressively backwards
squeezing the processed food through the fauces
[pushes the bolus so it is ready to be swallowed]
the material accumulates on the pharyngeal surface of the tongue and remains until swallowing occurs

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20
Q

when is the mouth continuous with the oropharynx

A

during the processing of solid foods

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21
Q

what may be produced during the ingestion of liquids

A

posterior oral seals
liquids are swallowed from the mouth without stage 2 transport

watch video on SDEO

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22
Q

what are the phases in the chewing cycle

A
  • opening phase
  • closing phase
  • occlusal phase
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23
Q

what happens in the opening phase of the chewing cycle

A

jaw depressor muscles are active

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24
Q

what happens in the closing phase of the chewing cycle

A

jaw elevator muscles are active

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25
what happens in the occlusal phase of the chewing cycle
mandible is stationary / teeth are joined
26
what makes the chew cycle different
> different patients according to shape of teeth > different patients according to presence or absence of tooth wear > different foods
27
is the chewing cycle the same as the fossa envelope
no | the fossa envelope shows the broader movement of the jaw and mandible
28
what is the chewing cycle shape like when eating brittle food eg carrots
narrower / thinner shape
29
what is the chewing cycle shape when eating tough food eg meat
broader / wider shape
30
what does the chewing cycle look like in good occlusion
consistent shape | lines close together
31
what does the chewing cyclin look like in worn occlusion / bruxism
random | wider shape
32
what does the chewing cycle look like in malocclusion
no real pattern
33
what are ruminatory mandibular movements
when the patient chews there is lots of lateral movements
34
what is the biscuit test
patient eats a biscuit so you can examine how they chew
35
if the patient has ruminatory mandibular movements, what needs to be considered when designing the denture
the dentures should have teeth with cusps to achieve balanced occlusion (especially when patients have favourable ridge form) teeth with cusps to ensure the denture is stable when chewing
36
if the patient has vertical (chopping) mandibular movements, what needs to be considered when designing the denture
the dentures should have cuspless teeth in this case (occlusal surface which are evenly worn / flat) this is the case especially in flat atrophic mandibular ridges if patient has a worn bite they will struggle to eat differently if they have cusps in their new denture teeth
37
what can the tongue's movements compromise
the retention and stability of the denture if you dont leave room for the tongue in the denture design then the denture will rock / be mobile when the denture moves
38
why is it important to make sure the denture teeth are on the ridge exactly and do not lean lingually or buccally?
this can lead to tongue or cheek biting | use a wax knife to ensure they are straight
39
what do patients need to have to control the denture when incising an apple
have neuromuscular control of the denture patient controls the denture by pushing the tongue to the hard palate to stabilise the denture raising the tongue = good thing if this didn't happen then the denture would wobble when biting the apple important to watch how patient walks when they enter / checking their medical history to make sure they dont have a neuromuscular disorder or they will have issues wearing a denture
40
what is needed to ensure adequate digestion of most foods
minimum chewing with a good dentition is sufficient
41
what does mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth allow
facilitates swallowing might improve digestive efficiency in the GI tract
42
what can deteriorated masticatory performance result in
dietary restrictions avoiding foods that are difficult such as green veg and some meats there is no clear evidence that poor mastication causes malnutrition in people with GI tract disorders especially with modern foods and methods of preparation so if a person is able to eat in a reasonable way they should be okay healthwise
43
what is the shortened dental arch (SDA)
20 teeth is considered the minimum for acceptable > masticatory function > aesthetics (premolar to premolar) > maintenance of oral hygiene need to have 20 health units (either natural teeth or implants or sound restored teeth)
44
what is the concept behind the shortened dental arch
- absent molar teeth are only replaced if their absence gives rise to problems - SDA provides sufficient occlusal stability - SDA provides satisfactory comfort and appearance - chewing and comfort were not significantly enhanced by the provision of RPDs
45
what must attention be given to for a shortened dental arch to exist
maintaining the health of the remaining teeth | patient must be a good, regular attender who keeps good control of their oral hygiene
46
what age group does a functional SDA not work well for
elderly | the number of people who might have a functional SDA fails dramatically with age
47
what are reduced in complete denture wearers
biting forces are reduced complete dentures = mucosa borne support (mucosa of residual ridge) this is not designed to bear masticatory loads or to tolerate forces
48
what do patients lack in complete dentures
lack proprioception | no PDL in complete dentures
49
how can bite forces be increased in dentures
supporting the dentures on teeth or implants | not everyone can tolerate the surgery of implants or meet the cost
50
what are the 3 types of prosthesis that can be used to replace missing teeth
- mucosa supported prosthesis - tooth supported prosthesis - bone supported prosthesis
51
what can be given to a patient in mucosa supported prosthesis
- complete denture | - RPD
52
what can be give to a patient in tooth supported prosthesis
- RPDs | - fixed ('bridges')
53
what can be given to a patient in bone supported prosthesis
- implants
54
what are problems associated with acrylic partial dentures
> not used long term > not well supported and causes resorption of bone where forces are applied > use gingivally approaching claps that may cause gingival recession on the gingival margin
55
what is included in a fixed-fixed bridge
all ceramic - abutment teeth - retainer - pontic
56
what is a cantilever bridge
used in tooth supported prosthesis a pontic connected to a retainer at one end only used to replace single teeth only one retainer is used to support the bridge not recommended when occlusal forces on the pontic will be heavy
57
what is an adhesive bridge / resin bonded bridge
an immediate temporary adhesive bridge is appropriate followed by a permanent bridge once the tissues have settled quick non-destructive / conservative of tooth tissues aesthetic durable (good life span) has wings on the palatal aspects of abutment teeth nothing on labial / buccal surfaces
58
how is the occlusal load transmitted to the bone in mucosa borne support
via the oral mucosa | not recommended
59
how is the occlusal load transmitted to the bone in tooth borne support
via rests and PDL | recommended
60
what are implants
bone supported prosthesis screws / fixtures that will bare the forces fixed so dont need to be removed for cleaning

BDS2 - BAMS (18 decks)

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