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Pharmacology 514 > Oral Final Drugs > Flashcards

Oral Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard concentration of hydralazine?

A

20 mg/mL

1 mL vial

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2
Q

What is the dose of hydralazine?

A

2.5-10 mg

Start low and wait 10-15 mins before redosing

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3
Q

What is the infusion range for SNP?

A

0.3-2 mcg/kg/min

Can go up to 10, but for no longer than 10 mins to avoid cyanide toxicity

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4
Q

What is the dose of Labetalol?

A

5-10 mg bolus in increments

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5
Q

What is the standard concentration of Labetalol?

A

5 mg/mL

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6
Q

What is the dose of Esmolol?

A

0.2-0.5 mg/kg
or
bolus of 5-100 mg

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7
Q

What is the dose of Metropolol?

A

5-10 mg boluses

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8
Q

What is the standard concentration of Esmolol?

A

10 mg/mL

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9
Q

What is the standard concentration of Metropolol?

A

1 mg/mL

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10
Q

What kind of drug is nitro?

A

Direct-acting nitro-vasodilator

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11
Q

Where does nitroglycerin work?

A

venous vasculature

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12
Q

What are indications for using nitroglycerin?

A

treatment of acute and chronic angina pectoris

HTN in pts with CAD or acute MI d/t lack of coronary steal

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13
Q

What is the onset and duration of nitro?

A

onset: 1-2 mins
duration: 10 mins

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14
Q

What is the infusion rate for nitro?

A

5-100 mcg/min, titrate to effect

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15
Q

What kind of drug is cardizem?

A

Ca2+ channel antagonist

Class IV antirhythmic

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16
Q

What is the MOA of cardizem?

A

blocks Ca2+ channels and depresses electrical impulses in SA and AV nodes

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17
Q

When would you use cardizem?

A

supraventricular arrhytmias (vent rate control in afib or aflutter), SVT, angina, HTN

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18
Q

What class of drug is nicardipine?

A 
dihydropyridine derivative (DHP)
Ca2+ antagonist
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19
Q

What is the MOA of nicardipine?

A

vascular-selective calcium channel blocker

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20
Q

When would you use nicardipine?

A

perioperative HTN

provide baseline control of BP

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21
Q

What is the infusion start dose and range of Nicardipine?

A

start at 5 mg/hr, increase by 2.5 mg/hr every 5-15 mins up to 15 mg/hr

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22
Q

What is the onset and duration of Nicardipine?

A

onset 1-5 mins

duration 3-6 mins

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23
Q

What is a side effect of nicardipine?

A

reflex tachycardia

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24
Q

What kind of drug is amiodarone?

A 
class III antirhythmic
potassium channel blocker
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25
Q

When would you use amiodarone?

A

rate control for new onset afib w/RVR, supraventricular arrhythmias, prevention of recurrent Vtach
bascially…..arrhythmias

26
Q

What is the 1/2 life of amio?

A

months

27
Q

What are some side effects of amiodarone?

A

prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia

28
Q

What are some side effects of amiodarone?

A

prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia (hypotension)

29
Q

What is the MAC of isoflurane?

A

1.2%

30
Q

What is the MAC of sevo?

A

2%

31
Q

What is the MAC of desflurane?

A

6%

32
Q

What is the MAC of NO?

A

104%

33
Q

What is the blood/gas solubility of Iso?

A

1.4

34
Q

What is the blood/gas solubility of sevo?

A

0.65

35
Q

What is the blood/gas solubility of des?

A

0.45

36
Q

What is the oil/gas solubility of des?

A

18.7

37
Q

What is the oil/gas solubility of sevo?

A

50

38
Q

What is the oil/gas solubility of iso?

A

99

39
Q

What is the blood/gas solubility of NO?

A

0.47

40
Q

What is the oil/gas solubility of NO?

A

1.4

41
Q

What is the vapor pressure of sevo?

A

160

42
Q

What is hte vapor pressure of des?

A

669

43
Q

What is the vapor pressure of iso?

A

240

44
Q

What is the vapor pressure of NO?

A

39,000

45
Q

How do volatiles affect the neuro system?

A
  • they uncouple the CMRO2 and CBF, CMRO2 decreases while CBF increases
  • amnesia
46
Q

How do volatiles affect the respiratory system?

A
  • decrease tidal volumes but increase resp rate
  • decreases ventilatory response to increased PaCO2
  • decreases protective airway reflexes
47
Q

What is the MOA of sevo, des, iso?

A

GABA mimetic

48
Q

How do volatiles affect skeletal muscles?

A

cause relaxation except for NO

49
Q

How do volatiles affect thermoregulatory function?

A

all suppress thermoregulatory function

50
Q

Which volatiles trigger MH?

A

all except nitrous

51
Q

The lower the blood/gas…

A

the faster the onset

52
Q

Which volatile is the most potent?

A

iso

53
Q

What determines the duration of volatiles?

A

oil/gas –> how long the gas will stay in fats

54
Q

What is the MOA of Nitrous?

A

NMDA antagonist

55
Q

What are some side effects of nitrous?

A 
increased risk of PONV
expands in closed spaces
analgesia
increased ICP due to increased blood flow
increased CMRO2
56
Q

What type of drug is furosemide?

A

loop diurectic

57
Q

What is the MOA of furosemide?

A

inhibits the luminal Na/K/Co transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle

58
Q

What type of drug is Mannitol?

A

osmotic diuretic

59
Q

What is the MOA of mannitol?

A

it’s an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis

60
Q

What are some side effects of nitrous?

A

increased risk of PONV
expands in closed spaces - check ETT balloon
analgesia
increased ICP due to increased blood flow
increased CMRO2
chest wall rigidity in combination with fentanyl

61
Q

What is the MOA of mannitol?

A

it’s an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis

Pharmacology 514 (7 decks)

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