Oral Final Drugs Flashcards
What is the standard concentration of hydralazine?
20 mg/mL
1 mL vial
What is the dose of hydralazine?
2.5-10 mg
Start low and wait 10-15 mins before redosing
What is the infusion range for SNP?
0.3-2 mcg/kg/min
Can go up to 10, but for no longer than 10 mins to avoid cyanide toxicity
What is the dose of Labetalol?
5-10 mg bolus in increments
What is the standard concentration of Labetalol?
5 mg/mL
What is the dose of Esmolol?
0.2-0.5 mg/kg
or
bolus of 5-100 mg
What is the dose of Metropolol?
5-10 mg boluses
What is the standard concentration of Esmolol?
10 mg/mL
What is the standard concentration of Metropolol?
1 mg/mL
What kind of drug is nitro?
Direct-acting nitro-vasodilator
Where does nitroglycerin work?
venous vasculature
What are indications for using nitroglycerin?
treatment of acute and chronic angina pectoris
HTN in pts with CAD or acute MI d/t lack of coronary steal
What is the onset and duration of nitro?
onset: 1-2 mins
duration: 10 mins
What is the infusion rate for nitro?
5-100 mcg/min, titrate to effect
What kind of drug is cardizem?
Ca2+ channel antagonist
Class IV antirhythmic
What is the MOA of cardizem?
blocks Ca2+ channels and depresses electrical impulses in SA and AV nodes
When would you use cardizem?
supraventricular arrhytmias (vent rate control in afib or aflutter), SVT, angina, HTN
What class of drug is nicardipine?
dihydropyridine derivative (DHP) Ca2+ antagonist
What is the MOA of nicardipine?
vascular-selective calcium channel blocker
When would you use nicardipine?
perioperative HTN
provide baseline control of BP
What is the infusion start dose and range of Nicardipine?
start at 5 mg/hr, increase by 2.5 mg/hr every 5-15 mins up to 15 mg/hr
What is the onset and duration of Nicardipine?
onset 1-5 mins
duration 3-6 mins
What is a side effect of nicardipine?
reflex tachycardia
What kind of drug is amiodarone?
class III antirhythmic potassium channel blocker
When would you use amiodarone?
rate control for new onset afib w/RVR, supraventricular arrhythmias, prevention of recurrent Vtach
bascially…..arrhythmias
What is the 1/2 life of amio?
months
What are some side effects of amiodarone?
prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia
What are some side effects of amiodarone?
prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia (hypotension)
What is the MAC of isoflurane?
1.2%
What is the MAC of sevo?
2%
What is the MAC of desflurane?
6%
What is the MAC of NO?
104%
What is the blood/gas solubility of Iso?
1.4
What is the blood/gas solubility of sevo?
0.65
What is the blood/gas solubility of des?
0.45
What is the oil/gas solubility of des?
18.7
What is the oil/gas solubility of sevo?
50
What is the oil/gas solubility of iso?
99
What is the blood/gas solubility of NO?
0.47
What is the oil/gas solubility of NO?
1.4
What is the vapor pressure of sevo?
160
What is hte vapor pressure of des?
669
What is the vapor pressure of iso?
240
What is the vapor pressure of NO?
39,000
How do volatiles affect the neuro system?
- they uncouple the CMRO2 and CBF, CMRO2 decreases while CBF increases
- amnesia
How do volatiles affect the respiratory system?
- decrease tidal volumes but increase resp rate
- decreases ventilatory response to increased PaCO2
- decreases protective airway reflexes
What is the MOA of sevo, des, iso?
GABA mimetic
How do volatiles affect skeletal muscles?
cause relaxation except for NO
How do volatiles affect thermoregulatory function?
all suppress thermoregulatory function
Which volatiles trigger MH?
all except nitrous
The lower the blood/gas…
the faster the onset
Which volatile is the most potent?
iso
What determines the duration of volatiles?
oil/gas –> how long the gas will stay in fats
What is the MOA of Nitrous?
NMDA antagonist
What are some side effects of nitrous?
increased risk of PONV expands in closed spaces analgesia increased ICP due to increased blood flow increased CMRO2
What type of drug is furosemide?
loop diurectic
What is the MOA of furosemide?
inhibits the luminal Na/K/Co transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
What type of drug is Mannitol?
osmotic diuretic
What is the MOA of mannitol?
it’s an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis
What are some side effects of nitrous?
increased risk of PONV
expands in closed spaces - check ETT balloon
analgesia
increased ICP due to increased blood flow
increased CMRO2
chest wall rigidity in combination with fentanyl
What is the MOA of mannitol?
it’s an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis
