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Pharmacology 514 > Oral Final Drugs > Flashcards

Oral Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard concentration of hydralazine?

A

20 mg/mL

1 mL vial

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2
Q

What is the dose of hydralazine?

A

2.5-10 mg

Start low and wait 10-15 mins before redosing

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3
Q

What is the infusion range for SNP?

A

0.3-2 mcg/kg/min

Can go up to 10, but for no longer than 10 mins to avoid cyanide toxicity

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4
Q

What is the dose of Labetalol?

A

5-10 mg bolus in increments

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5
Q

What is the standard concentration of Labetalol?

A

5 mg/mL

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6
Q

What is the dose of Esmolol?

A

0.2-0.5 mg/kg
or
bolus of 5-100 mg

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7
Q

What is the dose of Metropolol?

A

5-10 mg boluses

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8
Q

What is the standard concentration of Esmolol?

A

10 mg/mL

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9
Q

What is the standard concentration of Metropolol?

A

1 mg/mL

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10
Q

What kind of drug is nitro?

A

Direct-acting nitro-vasodilator

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11
Q

Where does nitroglycerin work?

A

venous vasculature

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12
Q

What are indications for using nitroglycerin?

A

treatment of acute and chronic angina pectoris

HTN in pts with CAD or acute MI d/t lack of coronary steal

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13
Q

What is the onset and duration of nitro?

A

onset: 1-2 mins
duration: 10 mins

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14
Q

What is the infusion rate for nitro?

A

5-100 mcg/min, titrate to effect

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15
Q

What kind of drug is cardizem?

A

Ca2+ channel antagonist

Class IV antirhythmic

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16
Q

What is the MOA of cardizem?

A

blocks Ca2+ channels and depresses electrical impulses in SA and AV nodes

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17
Q

When would you use cardizem?

A

supraventricular arrhytmias (vent rate control in afib or aflutter), SVT, angina, HTN

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18
Q

What class of drug is nicardipine?

A 
dihydropyridine derivative (DHP)
Ca2+ antagonist
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19
Q

What is the MOA of nicardipine?

A

vascular-selective calcium channel blocker

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20
Q

When would you use nicardipine?

A

perioperative HTN

provide baseline control of BP

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21
Q

What is the infusion start dose and range of Nicardipine?

A

start at 5 mg/hr, increase by 2.5 mg/hr every 5-15 mins up to 15 mg/hr

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22
Q

What is the onset and duration of Nicardipine?

A

onset 1-5 mins

duration 3-6 mins

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23
Q

What is a side effect of nicardipine?

A

reflex tachycardia

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24
Q

What kind of drug is amiodarone?

A 
class III antirhythmic
potassium channel blocker
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25
When would you use amiodarone?
rate control for new onset afib w/RVR, supraventricular arrhythmias, prevention of recurrent Vtach bascially.....arrhythmias
26
What is the 1/2 life of amio?
months
27
What are some side effects of amiodarone?
prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia
28
What are some side effects of amiodarone?
prolongs QT, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic abnormalities, skin deposits, symptomatic bradycardia (hypotension)
29
What is the MAC of isoflurane?
1.2%
30
What is the MAC of sevo?
2%
31
What is the MAC of desflurane?
6%
32
What is the MAC of NO?
104%
33
What is the blood/gas solubility of Iso?
1.4
34
What is the blood/gas solubility of sevo?
0.65
35
What is the blood/gas solubility of des?
0.45
36
What is the oil/gas solubility of des?
18.7
37
What is the oil/gas solubility of sevo?
50
38
What is the oil/gas solubility of iso?
99
39
What is the blood/gas solubility of NO?
0.47
40
What is the oil/gas solubility of NO?
1.4
41
What is the vapor pressure of sevo?
160
42
What is hte vapor pressure of des?
669
43
What is the vapor pressure of iso?
240
44
What is the vapor pressure of NO?
39,000
45
How do volatiles affect the neuro system?
- they uncouple the CMRO2 and CBF, CMRO2 decreases while CBF increases - amnesia
46
How do volatiles affect the respiratory system?
- decrease tidal volumes but increase resp rate - decreases ventilatory response to increased PaCO2 - decreases protective airway reflexes
47
What is the MOA of sevo, des, iso?
GABA mimetic
48
How do volatiles affect skeletal muscles?
cause relaxation except for NO
49
How do volatiles affect thermoregulatory function?
all suppress thermoregulatory function
50
Which volatiles trigger MH?
all except nitrous
51
The lower the blood/gas...
the faster the onset
52
Which volatile is the most potent?
iso
53
What determines the duration of volatiles?
oil/gas --> how long the gas will stay in fats
54
What is the MOA of Nitrous?
NMDA antagonist
55
What are some side effects of nitrous?
``` increased risk of PONV expands in closed spaces analgesia increased ICP due to increased blood flow increased CMRO2 ```
56
What type of drug is furosemide?
loop diurectic
57
What is the MOA of furosemide?
inhibits the luminal Na/K/Co transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
58
What type of drug is Mannitol?
osmotic diuretic
59
What is the MOA of mannitol?
it's an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis
60
What are some side effects of nitrous?
increased risk of PONV expands in closed spaces - check ETT balloon analgesia increased ICP due to increased blood flow increased CMRO2 chest wall rigidity in combination with fentanyl
61
What is the MOA of mannitol?
it's an osmotically active agent that is filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed causes water to be retained in the segments promoting water diuresis

Pharmacology 514 (7 decks)

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