Oral Environment and Dry Mouth Flashcards
What are microbial independent factors (allogenic)?
- Tooth eruption
- restorations, implants, veneers, braces
- dentures
- saliva components
- salivary gland dysfunction, sjorgens, radiation therapy
- antimicrobial agents, toothpaste, mouthwash
What are microbial dependent factors (autogenic)?
- Oxygen consumption
- food chains
- adhesion molecules
- bacteriocins
What are salivary functions?
- Buffering
- digestion
- mineralization
- lubrication and viscoelasticity
- tissue coating
- anti-fungal
- anti-viral
- anti-bacterial
What molecules are involved in what salivary functions?
- Buffering* - Carbonic anhydrases, histatins
- digestion* - amylases, mucins, lipase
- mineralization* - cystatins, histatins, prolinerich proteins
- lubrication and viscoelasticity* - mucins, statherins
- tissue coating* - amylases, cystatins, mucins, prolinerish proteins, satherins
- anti-fungal* - histatins
- anti-viral* - cystatins, mucins
- anti-bacterial -* amylases, cystatins, histatins, mucins
What are the salivary glycoproteins?
D domain
Cys rich
O-glycans
VNTR
What are the overlapping rules for Mucins?
- Adherence
- Degraded to reveal binding site
- Degraded to provide nutrition
- Degraded to release antibacterial peptides
What are the 2 types of salivary Mucins in the oral cavity and what are the genes involved?
Oligomeric mucin glycoprotein (MG1)
- Gel forming mucin
- mixture of 2 mucins (MUC5B and MUC4)
Monomeric mucin glycoprotein (MG2)
- one gene product (MUC7)
- Non gel forming (more linked with surfaces e.g. tongue, oropharynx)
What can MUC5B & MUC7 mucins provide?
They can form binding sites
What is the proline rich proteins role in the oral microbiome?
Strong promoters of bacterial adhesion because they have a flexible domain
Interactions are highly specific
Proline rich proteins in SOLUTION do NOT inhibit adhesion of bacteria
What are the proline rich proteins molecules (3)?
- Acidic (16 kD)
- Basic (6-9 kD)
- Glycosylated (36kD0
What are Cystatins?
- Inhibitors of systeine proteases (e.g. bacterial & viral)
- Include unique cystatins restricted to oral environment
- Cystatin SA linked with pellicle formation & remineralisation
- May function in control of periodontal disease pathogens
What are Histatins?
- Histidine rich cationic peptides
- Incorporated into aquired pellicle
- Anti-fungal properties
- Anti-bacterial properties
- Inhibits co-aggregation of P.gingivalis and S.mitis
