oral diagnosis

Question 1

ESSENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AIDS

Answer 1

1) Case history
2) Clinical examination
3) Study models
4) Certain radiographs
a. Periapical radiographs
b. Bitewing radiographs
c. Orthopantomograms
5) Facial photographs and intraoral photographs.

Question 2

SUPPLEMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC AIDS

Answer 2

1) Specialized radiographs
a. Occlusal views of maxilla and mandible
b. Selected lateral jaw views
c. Lateral cephalograms
2) Hand-wrist radiographs and other maturity indicators.
3) Electromyography to assess muscle activity
4) Endocrine tests
5) Estimation of basal metabolic rate
6) Occlusograms.

Question 3

PERSONAL DETAILS

Answer 3

name
age
sex
occupation and address

Question 4

Rheumatic Fever
(1) Fever >38°
o ___________ (throat infection)

(2) M-Protein Epitome
o M-Protein epitope
o Molecular mimicry

(3) S/Sx: (JONES)
_______________

Answer 4

Group A strep

o Joint pain
o ♡carditis
o Nodules
o Erythema marginatum
o Sydenham’s chorea

Question 5

Hay fever
* Atopic children may experience problems with a functional appliance during the summer months.

Allergic Rhinitis
– Affects 40-60 million Americans (1/6)
– Two different forms: Seasonal, Perennial
o ____________: Caused by pollens in the air. Usually shows up at spring and subsides by late Autumn. Warm, dry air (especially wind) carries pollens that are breathed in and trigger symptoms.
o ________: Caused by dust mites, pet dander, bugs, or mold that stays in your home’s air.
– Symptoms:
o Itchy eyes
o Runny nose
o Sneezing
o Stuffiness

Answer 5

Seasonal
Perennial

Question 6

GENERAL EXAMINATION (3)

Answer 6

height and weight
gait
posture

Question 7

According to General Classification

Ø _______—Average physique with normal-sized dental arches.

Ø __________—Short physique with broad dental arches.

Ø _______—Thin physique with narrow dental arches.

Answer 7

Athletic
Plethoric
Esthetic

Question 8

ACCORDING TO SHELDON

Ø __________—Average physique.

Ø ________—Short and obese physique.

Ø ________—Tall and thin physique.

Answer 8

Mesomorphic
Endomorphic
Ectomorphic

Question 9

Cephalic Index Value

o _________
g Average shape of the head.

o ________
g Broad and short shape of the head.

o __________
g Long and narrow shape of the head.

Answer 9

Mesocephalic
Brachycephalic
Dolichocephalic

Question 10

• Facial index value = ____________ (Distance between nasion and gnathion) / __________ (distance between the zygomatic points)

Answer 10

Morphologic facial height
Bizygomatic width

Question 11

Facial index value

o __________
g Average facial form.

o __________
g Short and broad facial form.

o __________
g Long and narrow facial form.

Answer 11

Mesoprosopic
Euryprosopic
Leptoprosopic

Question 12

Gross asymmetry of the face must be noted, which may occur in the following conditions:

Answer 12

1. Hemi-facial hypertrophy
2. Hemi-facial atrophy
3. First arch syndrome
4. Congenital defects, such as cleft lip and palate Unilateral condylar hyperplasia
5. Unilateral ankylosis
6. Facial palsy

Question 13

helps in diagnosing gross deviation in the maxillomandibular relationship. For example, an individual with concave profile may exhibit Angle’s class III malocclusion.

Answer 13

Facial Profile

Question 14

• It is the line joining the forehead to the soft tissue point A.

Answer 14

1) First reference line

Question 15

• It is the line joining point A to the soft tissue pogonion.

Answer 15

2) Second reference line

Question 16

defined as an anterior or posterior inclination of mandible (lower face) relative to the forehead.

Answer 16

Facial Divergence

Question 17

• Ideally, maxillary skeletal base is ______________ to the mandibular skeletal base in centric occlusion.

Answer 17

2–3 mm anterior

Question 18

o If the index finger is slightly ahead of middle finger—it indicates ____________ skeletal base pattern.
o If the middle finger is ahead of the index finger—it indicates ______ skeletal base pattern.

Answer 18

class II
class III

Question 19

• Clinical assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship can be done by using the examiner’s index and middle fingers placed approximately at point A and point B, respectively.

Answer 19

Two-finger Test

Question 20

In an ideal skeletal relationship, the distance between the glabella (a point between the eyebrow in the midline) and subnasale (base of the nose) is equal to the distance from the subnasale to the underside of the chin.

• Assessment of is done by measuring the ____________.

Answer 20

Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Relationship
FMA angle

Question 21

The FMA angle is defined as the angle formed by the following two reference planes:

Answer 21

i. FH plane (Frankfort horizontal plane) — A line between the most superior point of the external auditory meatus and inferior border of the orbit).
ii. Mandibular plane (a line from menton to gonion)

Question 22

• A well proportioned face can be divided into three vertical thirds using four horizontal planes at the level of the _______________________

Answer 22

hairline, the supraorbital ridge, the base of nose and the inferior border of the chin.

Question 23

• Ideally, length of the nose is equal to _______ of the total facial height.
• Shape of the nose can be _______________.

Answer 23

one-third
straight, convex or crooked

Question 24

• Normally nostrils should be ____ and ______________.
• The width of the nostril should be approximately __ the length of the nose.
• Stenosis of the nostrils may indicate impaired nasal breathing.

Answer 24

oval
bilaterally symmetrical
70%

Question 25

Mentolabial Sulcus

Type Condition
Normal __________
Shallow __________
Deep __________

Answer 25

class I
bimaxillary protrusion
class ii div 2

Question 26

• Hyperactivity of the mentalis muscle may be seen in __________ malocclusion and in patients with deleterious oral habits, such as thumb sucking.

Answer 26

class II division 1

Question 27

• Prominent chin is usually seen in ________ malocclusion and recessive chin is observed in _______ malocclusions.

Answer 27

class III
class II

Question 28

Normally, the nasolabial angle ranges from _______ degrees.

Ø An increased nasolabial angle (i.e. > 110 degree) may suggest maxillary anterior _______________.

Ø A decreased nasolabial angle (i.e. < 90 degree) may indicate maxillary ____________.

Answer 28

90–110
retroclination
proclination

Question 29

nasolabial angle

Type Condition
Normal ________
Increased _________
Decreased __________

Answer 29

Angle’s class I malocclusion
Angle’s class II div 2
Angle’s class II div 1

Question 30

• When patient at rest, upper and lower lips fail to meet each other. It can be seen in open bite cases and bimaxillary proclination.

Answer 30

Incompetent Lips

Question 31

Hypertrophied lips seen in Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion

Answer 31

Everted lips

Question 32

• ________ is a useful adjunct, which aids in the diagnosis of abnormal labial frenum attachment.

Answer 32

Blanch test