Oral & dental investigation Flashcards
1
Q
Eruption times of deciduous teeth
A
- 3-6 weeks dogs
- cats 2-8weeks
2
Q
Eruption times of permanent teeth
A
- feline & canine, 3-6months
3
Q
What does the periodontium do?
A
- attach
- support
- protect (seal between oral cavity and internal tissues)
4
Q
What is the carnassial tooth?
A
- 4th PM in the maxilla
- 1st M in the mandible
5
Q
What are the mandibular symphysis and maxillary sutures?
A
- midlines at rostral aspect of the mouth
6
Q
What is the medial aspect of the tooth?
A
- closest to the rostral line
7
Q
What is the distal aspect of the tooth?
A
- furthest from the rostral midline (closest to the next tooth)
8
Q
What is the labial aspect of the tooth?
A
- outers surface
- next to lips
- canines, incisors
9
Q
What is the buccal surface of the cheek teeth?
A
- the outer surface of the tooth next to the checks (lateral surface of the tooth)
10
Q
What is the lingual surface of the lower teeth?
A
- inside the mouth on the lower jaw
- surface next to the tongue
11
Q
What is the palatal surface of the upper teeth?
A
- inside mouth on upper jaw
- surface next to the palate
12
Q
What is the organ called inside the tooth?
A
- pulp-dentine organ
13
Q
What is the role of the pulp? What does this mean for the size of it as the tooth ages?
A
- lays down dentine
- start with big pulp, thins walls
- overtime pulp lays dentine, walls thicken and pulp thins
14
Q
What is the densest tissue in the tooth?
A
- enamel
– outer coating of the crown
– once formed, no more can be made
– hard but fragile
15
Q
Why is it important that vessels can pass into and out of the tooth?
A
- pulp is alive
– requires blood supply and lymph flow for nutrients in and waste products out
16
Q
What is the apical delta?
A
- tiny microscopic channels that vessels pass in and out of at the apex of the root
17
Q
What are the spoke radiating out of the central pulp? what do they provide?
A
- dental tubules, nerve endings within these
- things can get into and out of the tooth
- provides sensation to outermost surface of the tooth
18
Q
What parts of oral investigation should you perform in a conscious animal?
A
- demeanour
- conscious exam inc. extra and intra oral
- history (dropping toys, change in diet, taking longer to eat, etc)
- cats: viral screen for FHV, FCV
19
Q
What parts of the oral investigation should you do under GA?
A
- oral exam of mucosa: probe & chart
- xray
- biopsy if indicated
20
Q
What extra-oral parts of the exam could you perform in the conscious animal?
A
- heart, chest pulses
- head and neck symmetry, LN, salivary glands
- any signs of swelling or discomfort
21
Q
What intra-oral parts of the exam could you perform in the conscious animal?
A
- general oral view
- occlusion
22
Q
What prep could you use prior to performing an oral exam under anaesthetic?
A
- 0.12% chlorhexidine
- check for ulcers, signs of neoplasia, look at lining of cheeks, lips, palate, tongue, floor or mouth
23
Q
Where is the most common place for tumours to form in the mouth? Why?
A
- floor of mouth under tongue - coffin zone
- saliva pools and carcinogens bathe the mouth (most common for SCC)
24
Q
Periodontal vs explorer probe
A
- periodontal probe = straight / 90 degree angle from handle one
- explorer probe = curved end
25
what is a periodontal probe used for?
- blunt tip and mm lines so into sulcus (gap between gingiva & tooth)
26
What is the normal depth of the sulcus?
- 3mm (canines may be 4 in dog)
27
What would a sulcal depth of 7-9mm indicate?
- loss of attachment
28
What is the function of the explorer probe?
- needle tip so will catch or drop down if loss of tooth material on tooth surface (only use where unsure whether hairline fracture present)
29
What dental abnormalities would/could you chart?
- oral mucosa
- occlusion
- periodontal disease
- missing + extra teeth
- damaged teeth
- abscesses and tracts
- resorptive lesions
- caries
- oral masses
- pre & post tx (extractions)
30
What is the gingivitis severity score range?
- G0-G3
- 0 = clinically normal
- 3 = worst
31
What is gingivitis?
- gum inflammation
32
Why does gingivitis mean the gums have a tendency to bleed more?
- erythema, oedema, increased vascularity = bleed
33
G0
- baby pink
- knife edge onto tooth
- doesn't bleed
34
G1
- erythema
- oedema
- but doesn't bleed on probing
35
G2
- inflammation
- small amount of delayed bleeding when run periodontal probe around
36
G3
- instantly bleeds once touched
37
If you leave gingivitis, what can you end up with?
- periodontitis
38
What is the pattern of attachment loss seen with periodontitis, which is used to score severity?
- periodontal pocket forms
- gingival recession occurs + root exposure
- furcation involvement
- mobility
39
What do the score F0-F3 indicate?
- fractional bone loss (loss of bone between tooth roots)
40
What is the landmark for gingival attachment?
- CEG (cemento-enamel junction)
41
F1
- probe under but only goes 1/3 of way through
42
F2
- deeper cave into tooth
- beyond 1/3rd but not all the way
- plaque attaches to these areas and stagnates
43
F3
- probe can go all the way through furcation
44
Why must you always probe furcations from both sides?
- may only have furcational bone loss on 1 side e.g. buccal of tooth
-- if only probe 1 side, won't pick up on potential beginnings of fractional bone loss on the palatine aspect
45
How do you assess mobility of teeth?
- gently squeeze tooth between handle bases of 2 probes
46
M1
- side to side movement of up to 1mm
47
M2
- side to side movement of more than 1mm
48
M3
- wobbly, vertical component
49
Why are the central lower incisors of carnivores more mobile normally?
- symphysis here made of cartilage
50
What does intra-oral radiography allow?
- view of hidden 70% of tooth
- accurate diagnosis & tx plans
51
Indications for intra-oral radiography
- oral masses
- damaged teeth
- periodontitis
- abscess
- resorptive lesions
- caries
- during tx
- pre & post extraction to determine whether removed everything needed
52
What must you biopsy on oral exam?
- any mass or abnormal lesion
53
What biopsy of abnormal lesion would you perform in the mouth?
- wedge
-- avoid ulcerated/inflamed areas
54
Indication for bone biopsy
- radiographic evidence of oral tumour involving bone
55
Why is it important to label tumours + sampled tumours on the dental chart?
- so we know where it came from when the results come back
-- i.e. if 1 if benign and another is malignant
56
What % of tooth does probing and charting give you info about?
- 30%
