Oral Communication [1st Term] Flashcards
It is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
Communication (McCornack, 2014)
Mother of all communication models.
Linear or one-way process consisting of five elements (Source, Transmitter, Channel, Receiver, & Destination).
Shannon-Weaver Model
A two-way process of communication which involves collaborative exchange of messages between communicators. Inclusion of feedback as one element.
Transaction Model
An interactive model of communication modified from the Shannon-Weaver model.
Schramm Model
Interaction in which words are used to relay a message.
Verbal Communication
Interaction where behavior is used to convey and represent meanings.
Nonverbal Communication
This is essential to the quality of the communication process in general. It should include everything that the receiver needs to hear for them to respond, react, or evaluate properly.
Completeness
This does not necessarily mean keeping the message short, but making it direct or straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the communication that will be sent to the recipient.
Conciseness
This does not necessarily mean keeping the message short, but making it direct or straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the communication that will be sent to the recipient.
Conciseness
For effective communication, the speaker should think about relevant information about their receiver such as mood, background, preference, etc. to easily build rapport with the audience.
Consideration
This happens when facts, figures, and real-life examples and situations were given which leads to the receiver to e more connected to the message conveyed.
Concreteness
The speaker should respect the culture, values, and beliefs of their receivers. This creates a positive impact on the audience.
Courtesy
It implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas. It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single objective in their speech so as not to confuse the audience.
Clearness
This eliminates negative impact on the audience and increases credibility and effectiveness of the message.
Correctness
Defined communication as a systemic process in which persons intermingle
with and through symbols to produce and understand meanings.
Wood (2004)
This nature involves the innumerable components of communication, speaker/sender, listener/receiver, message, medium, channel, feedback, content, and noise, are associated to one another.
Communication is Sytemic
This nature describes communication as an imaginative, unending condition of life that changes as the communicator’s environments and desires change.
Communication is a process
This nature tells us that verbal and nonverbal are the foundation of language.
Communication is symbolic
This nature of communication is assigned, given, or invented, not received.
Communication involves meanings
The dynamic association established between people through language and intercultural means.
Intercultural Communication
This occurs when different individuals from diverse upbringings encounter and talk with each other.
Intercultural Communication
This is an essential skill in a global village, where various groups have to deal with people of diverse circumstances.
Intercultural Communication
It is an educated and culture-sensitive form
of expression by means of a language that
polite members of societies favor using
when speaking about certain delicate
issues and designations.
Politically Correct Language
The belief that one’s own culture is greater and better than the others.
Ethnocentrism
This transpires when an individual takes with them biases of their own culture throughout a discussion with a person from a dissimilar cultural upbringing.
Ethnocentrism
The fear or anxiety associated with either actual or predicted communication with people from diverse groups, especially cultural and/or ethnic groups.
Intercultural Communication Apprehension/Anxiety
The generalizations or assumptions that people make about a group. Some individuals have a tendency to generalize that a group of people share the same characteristics based on the image of what the others in the group are like.
Stereotyping
Although this might be considered off beam or undesirable by some people, knowing about one group’s conduct can also be an
advantage. By being cognizant of a group’s characteristics, one will have an inkling
of what is to assume, therefore will be able to make modifications and to formulate what is needed to make the interaction more effective.
Stereotyping
A predetermined aversion or feeling for a person or group because of the variance in cultural background.
Prejudice/Bigotry
The exchange gate of communication.
Language
Functions to control one’s behavior
Control and Regulation
Function use to produce social relationships; use to develop bonds, intimacy, relations.
Social Interaction
Function use to express preferences, desires, needs, wants, decisions, goals, and strengths; use for giving and getting information; use to give encouragement
Social Interaction
Function use to uplift the spirit of one soul
to encourage someone to continue or pursue the race.
Motivation
Function used for sharing pieces of knowledge to educate and not just to entertain.
Information
Function used to facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotions.
Emotional Expression
Author of “A Child’s Wish Granted”
George Parsons Lathrop
What is the cause of death of George Parsons Lathrop’s son?
Scarlet Fever
An infection caused by a streptococcus bacterium. It can be transmitted through the air or by physical contact and primarily affects children between four and eight years of age. In temperate climates, scarlet fever is most common during the late fall, winter, and early spring.
Scarlet Fever
It pertains to the use of suitable language form applicable to the nature of the event or context of situation (i.e. whether formal or informal).
Appropriateness
It is the type of communication used in ceremonial, or dignified gatherings.
Formal Communication
It is characterized by free, casual and spontaneous exchange between two or more persons. The exchange is a kind of interaction that is unrestrained by rules and conventions.
Informal Communication
Give three (3) types of formal communication.
- Meetings
- Interviews
- Conferences
- Formal One-on-Ones
- Speeches
- Presentations
Give three (3) types of formal communication.
- Meetings
- Interviews
- Conferences
- Formal One-on-Ones
- Speeches
- Presentations
Give three (3) types of informal communication.
· Casual Conversations · Gossips · Tales · Inter-relational Activities · Family Social Communication Culture · Inter-relational activities outside of the formal
It can be achieved by using more direct and clear words and avoiding beating around the bush. It is saying more with less words.
Brevity
It refers to the use of simple yet exact words that directly express your thoughts and emotion.
Clarity
It warrants that the purpose of the message will be successfully delivered to the audience.
Clarity
It pertains to moral standards that need to be considered when delivering a message. The audiences’ background such as their age, gender, race, social status and personal convictions shall be given due importance for speaking purposes.
Ethics
It refers to words that make the conversation or exchange of information lively and vibrant.
Vividness
The purpose of this aspect of communication is to simplify thoughts for the audience to easily grasp the message using distinctive language.
Vividness
This results when the intended message of the sender is not understood exactly by the receiver.
Communication Breakdown
The natural or environmental condition that act as a barrier in communication in sending the message from sender to receiver.
Physical Barrier
Give one (1) example of physical barriers
- People talking too loud.
- Noise from a construction site
- Loud sound of a karaoke
- Blaring of jeepney horns
Also called mental barrier
Psychological Barrier
These refer to social and personal issues of a speaker towards communicating with others.
Psychological Barrier
Give one (1) example of psychological barrier
- trauma
- shyness, lack of confidence
- depression
- fear, stage fright
It pertain to communication problems encountered by people regarding their intrinsic values, beliefs, and traditions in conflict with others.
Cultural Barrier
Give one (1) example of cultural barrier
- different beliefs
- traditions, and customs
- manners of dressing
- speaking
It pertain to conflicts in language and word meanings. Because words carry denotative and connotative meanings, they can sometimes cause confusion and misunderstanding. Meaning of words and symbols also vary depending on culture.
Linguistic Barrier
Give one (1) example of linguistic barrier
- difference in language
- accent and dialect
- use of jargon and slang
- speech defects or language impairment
He gave a similar idea of barrier when he classifies noise into three kinds: internal, external and semantic noise.
Rudolph F. Verderber (1991)
the “sight, sound and other stimuli that draw people’s attention away from intended meaning.”
External Noises
the “thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning.”
Internal Noises
The “alternate meanings aroused by a speaker’s symbols.” This idea means that a word may have another meaning in the minds of the students. This is affected by the language in which they grew and the culture in which they are exposed.
Semantic Noises
