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Structure and Function 2 > Oral Cavity-Teeth > Flashcards

Oral Cavity-Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two dental arcades of the oral cavity?

A

Maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower)

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2
Q

What is a heterodont?

A

An animal with differences in tooth shape along the rows (I, C, PM and M)

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3
Q

What is a diphyodont?

A

An animal with two successive sets of teeth, deciduous (milk) and permanent (adult)

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4
Q

What is a diastema?

A

A gap between the teeth

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5
Q

Describe the two regions of a tooth.

A

The crown, the visible portion, and the root, the region below the gum line

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6
Q

What is the borderline between the crown and the root?

A

Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

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7
Q

How is the tooth anchored into the root?

A

By a socket of bone called the alveolus

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8
Q

What lines the alveoli? Describe it.

A

Lamina dura, a thin shell of dense bone

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9
Q

What is the pulp cavity? What does it contain?

A

The central space of the tooth, containing pulp soft tissue with nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

What is the connective tissue called?

A

Periodontium

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11
Q

Which four structures make up the periodontium?

A

Gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament

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12
Q

How does periodontium attach the root to the bone?

A

Via periodontal ligaments

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13
Q

Describe the gingiva.

A

The gums, oral mucosa that covers the tooth

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14
Q

Describe the two types of gingiva.

A

Free gingiva forms a collar around the tooth and is looser, whereas attached gingiva is keratinised and firmly attached to tooth and bone.

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15
Q

Describe the junction between visible tooth and the free gingiva.

A

The gingival crevice or sulcus. The cells in the epithelium of the gum adhere to the tooth enamel via a basement membrane

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16
Q

Describe brachydont teeth

A

-Smaller and low crowned with a constricted neck at the gum line
-Suitable for a soft diet, such as dogs, cats, ferrets and pigs.
-The root is embedded in the jaw bone.
-Only the crown is encased inn enamel
-Only the root is encased in cementum
Acellular, so cannot regenerate-except C in pigs

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17
Q

Describe hypsodont teeth

A

-Larger crown
-Suitable for wear and tear via feeding on tough, fibrous diets
-All pernament teeth in horses, cheek teeth in ruminants, pig canines and lagomorphs
-Radicular or aradicular
-Enamel extends past the gum line and stops at the root

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18
Q

What are radicular vs aradicular hypsodont teeth?

A

-Radicular teeth have a closed root, eventually forming a true root which slows growth, eventually stopping (horses)
-Aradicular teeth have an open root, so teeth continuously grow throught life (rabbits)

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19
Q

What is enamel? What is its function? Which cells secrete enamel forming proteins?

A

The hardest substance in the body, forming a tough outer layer to the teeth
-Formed by ameloblasts

20
Q

What is dentin? What is its function? Which cells form dentin?

A

Forms the bulk of the tooth, and is a hard substance
-Its function is to support the enamel, and absorb pressure from eating. Also transfers impulses from enamel to pulp
-Formed by odontoblasts via dentinogenesis

21
Q

What is cementum? What is its function?

A

-Thin, bonelike connective tissue covering the outer surface of the root. Fills the infundibula of hypsodont teeth
-It attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone by insertion of periodontal ligament fibres

22
Q

Describe incisors

A

Adapted for grasping, pinching nipping and scratching

23
Q

Describe canines

A

Used as weapons for tearing flesh during hunting and fighting

24
Q

Describe premolars

A

Rostral cheek teeth with deciduous precursors

25
Q

Describe molars

A

Flattened and triangular with jagged edges, function like serrated-edged blades. No deciduous precursors

26
Q

Describe the vestibular surface of the tooth.

A

Surface facing vestibule or lips

27
Q

Describe the lingual surface of the tooth.

A

Surface of the mandibular teeth facing the tongue or median plane of the mouth

28
Q

Describe the palatal surface of the tooth

A

Lingual surface of the maxillary teeth

29
Q

What is the coronal region?

A

Towards the occlusal surface (top

30
Q

What is the apical region?

A

Towards the root

31
Q

What is the mesial surface?

A

Surface of the incisor teeth towards the median plane of the mouth, rostral surface of the canine, pre molar and molar teeth

32
Q

What is the distal surface?

A

Surface of the incisors away from the median plane of the mouth caudal surface of the canine, pre molar and molar teeth

33
Q

Give the dental formula for pigs. How many teeth do they have? How do they differ from other species?

A

I C PM M
U 3 1 4 3
L 3 1 4 3
-44 teeth (full set)
-Born with needle teeth, including deciduous incisors and canines (3+3+1+1=8)
-Canines (tusks) are aradicular hypsodonts, so continuously erupt

34
Q

Give the dental formula for dogs. How many teeth do they have? How do they differ from other species?

A

I C PM M
U 3 1 4 2
L 3 1 4 3
-42 teeth
-Upper PM 4 and lower M1 are carnassial-biggest pair of shearing teeth

35
Q

Give the roots of each dog tooth

A

-All incisors have a single root
-Root of the canine is larger than the crown
-PMs and Ms mostly have 2 roots except:
-Both PM1s and lower M3 have 1 root
-Upper PM4 and both upper Ms have 3 roots

36
Q

Give the dental formula of ruminants. How many teeth do they have? How do they differ from other species?

A

I C PM M
U 0 0 3 3
L 4 0 3 3
-32 teeth
-Heavily cornified dental pad instead of upper incisors or canines
-Canines assimilated to incisors
-Is and Cs are brachydont, PMs and Ms are hypsodont
-Large diastema

37
Q

Describe the microanatomy of the dental pad

A

Thick stratum corneum and well developed papillae of connective tissue

38
Q

Give the dental formula for horses

A

I C PM M
U 3 1 3 or 4 3
L 3 1 3 3 3
40-42 teeth

39
Q

Describe horse incisors. How are they different in young horses?

A

-High crowned with a single root
-In young horses, they are curved (convex on labial aspect, concave on lingual aspect)

40
Q

Describe horse canines

A

-In mares they are small and may not erupt
-Deciduous canines are often absent

41
Q

Describe the difference between maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth in horses

A

-Maxillary cheek teeth have less pronounced infoldings, but two enamel rings called infundibulum
-Mandibular cheek teeth have more pronounced infoldings/invaginations

42
Q

What are the wolf teeth in horses?

A

P1 teeth, they are vestigial, so often lacking

43
Q

How does the occlusal surface of hypsodont teeth differ to that of brachyodont teeth?

A

All dentalhard tisues are exposed, whereas only the enamel is eposed in brachydont teeth

44
Q

Give the number of roots of different horse teeth

A

-All Is have 1 root
-PM2 to PM4 and M1 to M3 of the upper jaw have 3 roots, and 2 in the lower jaw

45
Q

What is infundibulum? Why do they look dark? What are they filled with? Does it connect with the pulp cavity?

A

-A cup or funnel shaped invagination of enamel from the occlusal surface of the equine incisor and maxillary cheek teeth
-Look dark because food gets packed inside and turns black as it decays
-Partially filled with cement, leaving a small cavity
-Does not connect with the pulp cavity

46
Q

What is secondary dentin? What does it form, after how long?

A

-Forms after eruption as the tooth develops with age
-Forms dental stars after about 8 years

Structure and Function 2 (6 decks)

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