Oral cavity, Esophagus

Question 1

Morphological manifestations of stomatitis

Answer 1

Ulcers

Vesicles

Papules

Erosions

Necrosis (deep stomatitides)

UV PEN

Question 2

Accumulation of serous fluid between layers of deep epithelium

Answer 2

Vesicle

Question 3

Injury types that can cause vesicles

Answer 3

Viral

FMD, Vesicular stomatitis, Vesicular exanthema, Swine vesicular dz, Herpes stomatits, Calicivirus

Immunological

Pemphigus vulgaris, Bullous pemphigoid

Chemical, Thermal

Question 4

Circumscribed areas of epithelial denudation down to the level of the basement membrane

Answer 4

Erosion

Question 5

Focal defects in the mucosa below the basement membrane

Answer 5

Ulcer

Question 6

Defects all the way through the mucosa that can lead to deeper infections (bone infection)

Answer 6

Necrosis (deep stomatitides)

Question 7

Raised inflammatory lesion in the mouth characterized by variable degrees of epithelial hyperplasia, superficial accumulation of inflammatory exudate, and submucosal edema and aggregation of inflammatory cells

Often viral

Answer 7

Papule

Zoonotic, Stratum spongiosum degeneration, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions

Question 8

Examples of Vesicular Stomatitides

Answer 8

FMD (picornavirus)
Vesicular Stomatitis (rhabdovirus)
Vesicular Exanthema (calicivirus)
Swine Vesicular Disease (picornavirus)
Herpes Stomatitis
Feline Calicivirus (picornavirus)
Pemphius vulgaris
Bullous Pemphigoid

Question 9

Examples of Viral Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitides

Answer 9

Bovine virus diarrhea (togavirus/pestivirus)
Bluetongue (orbivirus)
Rinderpest (morbillivirus) - eradicated
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (herpesvirus)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Bovine Herpes-1)
Feline Calicivirus & Herpesvirus
Eosinophilic granuloma complex
more pg 11

Question 10

Examples of Viral Papular Stomatitides

Answer 10

Bovine Papular Stomatitis (parapoxvirus)

Ovine Contagious Ecthyma (parapoxvirus)

Question 11

Examples of Necrotizing Stomatitides

Answer 11

Oral necrobacillus - Fusobacterium necrophorum (gram - anaerobe)
Actinobacillus - Actinobacillus ligniersi - “Wooden Tongue “(gram - rods)
Actinomycosis - Actinomyces bovis - “Lumpy Jaw” (gram + rod)
Aeromonas hydrophila - “Mouth Rot” “Red Mouth”
Trush - Candida albicans

Foreign Bodies

Question 12

Only vesicular disease naturally occuring in horses

Answer 12

Vesicular Stomatitis (Rhabdovirus)

Question 13

Major neoplasms in the dog

Most frequent to Least frequent

Answer 13

Periodontal fibromatous epulis (most common neoplasm)

Malignant melanoma (most common malignancy)

Fibrosarcoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Oral papilloma

Question 14

Major neoplasms in the cat

Answer 14

Squamous cell carcinoma (60% of oral neoplasms)

Fibrosarcoma

Malignant melanoma

Question 15

Most common oral neoplasm of dog

Answer 15

Periodontal fibromatous epulis

Question 16

Most common oral malignancy neoplasm of dog

Answer 16

Malignant melanoma

Question 17

Most common saroma in the oral cavity of dogs

Answer 17

Fibrosarcoma

Question 18

Most common oral malignancy neoplasm of cat

Answer 18

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

Oral neoplasm in the dog most likely to metastasize

Answer 19

Malignant melanoma

90% are malignant, 70-90% metastasize

Question 20

Oral neoplasm in the cat most likely to metastasize

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma

(metastasize to regional lymph nodes)

Question 21

Alchalasia

Answer 21

esophageal motility disorder

defective functional contractility of esophagus

lower sphincter functions improperly

Question 22

Causes of esophageal obstruction

Answer 22

Stenosis
Impaction of ingesta
Foreign body
Neoplastic or inflammatory lumen-filling lesion
Scar formation/fibrosis
Compression due to space-occupying mass
Dog - persistent R aortic arch
Cattle - Solid ingesta
Horse - incomplete mastication / Cantharidin toxicity (blister beetle) / Dry feed (apples)

Question 23

Pathologic sequelae to esophageal obstruction

Answer 23

Inappentence

Regurgitation

Salivation

Coughing Bloat (cattle)

Aspiration pneuomonia

Focal pressure necrosis of mucosa

Esophageal distention/rupture

Question 24

Viruses that cause Vesicular Stomatitis

Answer 24

FMD (picornavirus)

Vesicular Stomatitis (rhabdovirus)

Vesicular exanthema (calicivirus)

Swine vesicular disease (enterovirus)

Question 25

Viruses that cause Erosice & Ulcerative Stomatitis

Answer 25

Bovine Virus Diarrhea

Bluetongue

Rinderpest

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Calicivirus

Question 26

What virus has been recently eradicated?

Answer 26

Rinderpest (morbillivirus) - 2010

Question 27

Lumpy Jaw

Cause -

Pathogenesis -

Answer 27

Actinomyces bovis

Trauma to buccal & gingival mucosa and

After development of periodontis with extension

(osteomyelitis of the maxilla and mandible

Question 28

Congenital Megaesophagus

Answer 28

Clinical signs during 1st year of life

i) Persistent right (4th) aortic arch (dilation cranial to heart)
ii) Idiopathic esophageal denervation (dilation cranial to stomach)

Question 29

Acquired Megaesophagus

Answer 29

Can appear at any age

Generalized diseases, partial obstructions, stenosis, idiopathic

Associated with generalized diseases (polymyositis, American trypanosomiasis, myasthenia gravis, hypothyroidism, chronic lead or thallium toxicoses, peripheral neuropathies, esophagitis, recurrent GDV)

Question 30

Canine Oral Papillomas

Location

Age

Biologic behavior

Appearance

Answer 30

Location - Buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, larynx, epiglottis

Age - young dogs (mean = 1 year)

Biologic behavior - host and tissue specific, 1 month incubation, spontaneous regression at 1.5-3 months, may turn into SCC

Appearance - single, smooth, pale papular lesions that progress to multiple, proliferative, cauliflower-like, firm, white to gray growths

Question 31

Oral papillomas are most often observed in what other domestic species?

Answer 31

Bovine

Bovine Papillomavirus type 4