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Embryology > Oral Cavity and Teeth > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

where do microvilli of the taste bud cells come out of?

A

taste pore

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2
Q

what are the 3 distinct zones of the lip?

A
  1. outer cutaneous surface 2. vermilion 3. inner oral mucosa
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3
Q

what is the function of myoepithelium?

A

help move secretory product toward the striated duct

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3
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the parotid gland?

A

long and numerous

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4
Q

what is the morphology of interlobular ducts?

A

simple columnar to pseudo strat

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5
Q

the ____ serves as a point where thin keratinized epidermis of the face changes into thick nonkeratinized epithelium of the ____ (its a mucocutaneous junction)

A

lip; oral mucosa

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5
Q

what is the function of the basal/periphery stem type cells?

A

undergo rapid renewal and replacement of other cell types every 10-14 days, locate at the base of the taste bud

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5
Q

how to enamel rods run in relation to tooth surface?

A

perpendicular

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5
Q

does periodontal ligament contain any vasculature/innervation?

A

yes! vasulcar, lymphatics, nerves ** proprioreceptive nerves

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6
Q

what is the function of excretory ducts?

A

transport saliva to surface

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7
Q

what type of glands are the major salivary glands?

A

compound tubulolvelolar exocrine (serous and/or mucous gland)

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7
Q

what are the cells in secretory acini?

A
  1. secretory cells (mucous or serous) 2. myoepithelium (contractile)
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8
Q

what ducts drain into primary/main ducts that enter the oral cavity?

A

extralobular

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9
Q

what defines the inner oral mucosal surface of the lip?

A

covered in lining mucosa; underneath mucosa is submucosa that is bound to orbicularis oris; has the labial minor salivary gland in the submucosa layer

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11
Q

what type of tissue is submucosa?

A

coarse, dense CT underlying mucosa

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12
Q

which continues to grow your entire life, dentin or enamel?

A

dentin

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12
Q

what is the hardest substance in the body?

A

enamel (96-98% inorganic) organic material = enamelin

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13
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the submandibular gland?

A

large conspicuous

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14
Q

what are sharypey fibers? what is their significance in teeth/

A

Type I ollagen fibers that are embedded in cementum or bone and function to attache the periodontal ligament into the cementum or bone

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15
Q

what is harder, bone or tooth? why?

A

tooth.. its 70% inorganic (organic = type I collagen)

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16
Q

where are minor salivary glands found?

A

in submuosa of lip, cheek, tongue, and palatine

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16
Q

what types of secretory acini does the submandibular gland have?

A

mostly serous (some mucous); has serous demilunes

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17
Q

what do mucous cells produce?

A

sialomucin and sulfomucin (glycoproteins)

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18
Q

what are the three types of oral mucosa?

A
  1. Masticatory mucosa = keratinized or parakeratinized 2. Lining mucosa = non-keratinized 3. specialized mucosa
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19
Q

where do the ducts of the submandibular gland empty?

A

lateral to the frenulum of tongue (floor of tongue)

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19
Q

what is the morphology of lobar ducts?

A

stratified columnar

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19
Q

what cells modify IgA in the salivary gland? what is the result of the modification?

A

serous acinar take IgA –> sIgA which is released into the lumen for immunologic protection

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21
Q

what is the ventral surface of the tongue like?

A

thin mucosa with smooth, non-keratinized epithelium (lining muosa)

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21
Q

what is the function of intercalated ducts?

A

collect secretions from acini and deliver to striated ducts; some modification of saliva

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22
Q

what type of tissue is gingiva?

A

EPITHELIUM (statified squamous KERATINIZED (Masticatory mucosa)

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23
Q

what is a demilune?

A

crescent shaped groups with mucous cells on inside and serous cells on outside

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23
Q

what cells secrete cementum?

A

cemtoblasts (= cementocytes after entrapped by cementum)

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24
Q

where is saliva from each lobule drained into? by what?

A

saliva is drained by striated ducts into interloular ducts (exceretory ducts)

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25
Q

what does the unique arrangement of the tongue muscles allow for?

A

flexibility and precise movement essential for speech

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26
Q

what defines the outer cutaneous surface of the lip?

A

thin skin = stratified squamous KERATINIZED epithelium with HAIR AND SWEAT GLANDS

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26
Q

which is the largest of the salivary glands? where is it located? where does its duct enter the oral cavity?

A

Parotid; in front of ear; duct enters at 2nd upper molar

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26
Q

what collects secretory product in the secretory unit of salivary glands?

A

intercalated ducts

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26
Q

what are the two types of cementum? how do they differ?

A
  1. acellular: located near the enamel junction 2. cellular: in lower part of root, near apical foramen; contains cementocytes in lacunae with canaliculi (no haversian systems)
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26
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the submandibular gland?

A

shorter & less extensive than in parotid

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27
Q

where are myoepithelium found?

A

surrounding the base of acini and intercalated ducts

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28
Q

what is a lobule?

A

multiple secretory units grouped together

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30
Q

what defines the vermlion (red) border of the lip?

A

keratinized epithelium with finger-like connective tissue projections from the lamina propria (stromal papillae) that brings capillaries near the surface

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31
Q

how does the gingiva connect to the tooth (enamel or cementum)?

A

hemidesmosomes (Cell to ECM)

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32
Q

where is the foramen cecum located?

A

posterior to the sulcus terminalis (V)

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32
Q

where are the tastebuds located on the fungiform papillae?

A

on the superior surface

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33
Q

what type of epithelium are found in intercalated ducts?

A

low, simple uboidal

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35
Q

where is lining mucosa found? what type of epithelium is it?

A

on lips, cheek, flood of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, soft palate (areas with little abrasion); non-keratinized ; ITS MOIST

36
Q

what types of secretory acini does the sublingual gland have?

A

mostly mucous (some serous); has serous demilunes

37
Q

what do odontoblasts produce?

A

dentin

38
Q

what types of secretory acini does the parotid gland have?

A

ONLY serous

39
Q

where are sublingual glands located? where do their ducts empty ?

A

located anterior to submandibular gland in the floor of the mouth; empty ducts on floor of the mouth

40
Q

what produces enamel during development?

A

ameloblasts (degenerate once the enamel is fully formed.. about the time of tooth eruption)

41
Q

what is the function “moat” associated with the circumvallate papillae

A

serous glands of von Ebner empty in here;

42
Q

what do serous cells produce? what organelles are present?

A

RER + Golgi very present (produce proteins); produce watery secretion containing alpha amylase that breaks down 1-4 glycosidic bonds to begin digestion of CARBS also produce peroxidase and antimicrobial agents (lysozyme cystatin hystatin)

43
Q

what is the function and morphology of neuroepithelial cells (of taste buds)

A

sensory cells; have apical microvillis (taste hairs); synapse on the afferent nerve terminals to transduce taste impulses

43
Q

doe the volume of pulp cavity increase or decrease throughout life?

A

decreases *because you make dentin your entire life

45
Q

what is the dorsal surface of the tongue defined by?

A

specialized oral mucosa; thick muosa with keratinized epithelium and linual papillae

46
Q

what are the types of secretory cells?

A

serous cells or mucous cells

48
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa found? what type of epithelium is it?

A

on gingiva and hard palate; keratinized or parakeratinized (pyknotic nucleus) for abrasion of chewing

50
Q

where are the tatebuds of circumvallate papillae located?

A

on the lateral surface that faces the “moat”

52
Q

what are the directions of the muscles of the tongue?

A

arranges into bundles of 3 planes: longitudinal, vertical and horizontal perpendicular to eachother

53
Q

is there adipose tissue present in the parotid gland?

A

Large amounts often present within the lobules

54
Q

what type of tissue is in the pulp cavity?

A

loose CT + branches of nerves/ vessels, lined by odontoblasts on outer edge

55
Q

what part of the tooth is covered in cementum?

A

root

56
Q

what type of tissue is the periodontal ligament? where is it located?

A

dense CT; found between tooth cementum and alveolar bone

57
Q

where do intercalated ducts drain into?

A

striated ducts

58
Q

where to blood vessels/nerves enter the pulp cavity?

A

at the apical foramen

60
Q

where are circumvallate papillae located? what are they associated with?

A

front of v-shaped sulcus terminalis; associated with ebner’s glands

60
Q

are there any gaps in the layers of the tooth (dentin and enamel/cementum)?

A

only one! at apical foramen

62
Q

what is the morphology of the cells in striated ducts?

A

cuboidal/columnar

63
Q

what part of the tooth is covered by enamel?

A

anatomical crown

64
Q

what secretes lingual lipase?

A

von ebner glands (dump into moat of circumvallate)

65
Q

what type of mucosa attaches to muscles and bone?

A

submucosa

66
Q

How is dentin produced?

A

odontoblasts lining the pulp cavity secrete predentin (becomes dentin) and leave their processes embedded in the cavities of dentin as dentinal tubules which extend to the junction with enamel or cementum

68
Q

what is the function of filiform papillae? where are they located? do they have tastebuds?

A

no tastebuds; all over the tongue; function to increase friction between the tongue and food

70
Q

why are striated ducts striated?

A

due to folding of plasma membrane

71
Q

what is the function of striated ducts? where are they located?

A

located intralobular; collect secretions from intercalated ducts; modifies saliva: (Na/Cl out of fluid, HCO3/K in to fluid)

72
Q

what are enamel rods made of? what are enamel rods? what is lines of retzius?

A

calcium hydroxyapatite phosphate crystalite; basic unit of enamel; retzius = groups of enamel rods

73
Q

what type of cells are found in intercalated ducts?

A

squamous

74
Q

what are the three cell types in taste buds?

A
  1. neuroepithelial 2. supporting 3. peripheral/basal stem type
75
Q

what is the function of supporting cells of the tastebuds?

A

support the neuroepithelial cells; contain secretory granules, but have less numerous microvilli than neuroepi

76
Q

cementum is similar to bone, except for that cementum is:

A

avascular and aneural

78
Q

what surrounds the secretory portion of the salivary glands?

A

stroma = intralobular loose connective tissue with plasma cells

79
Q

where are fungiform located?

A

scattered; but concentrated at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue

80
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the sublingual ducts?

A

short and difficult to locate

82
Q

how many tastebuds per fungiform papillae?

A

on average 4

83
Q

what is the function of gingiva?

A

prevent entrance of foreign materials into region between root and periodontal membrane

85
Q

what are the minor salivary glands associated with the tongue? what type of gland?

A

lingual glands; mucous, serous, or mixed

86
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the sublingual gland?

A

not as prevalent

87
Q

where are intercalated ducts located?

A

intralobular

89
Q

what portion of the tongue is covered by the lingual papillae?

A

ONLY the anterior 2/3

90
Q

salivary gland secretory unit

A

= acini (spherical or tubular) + intercalated duct + striated duct

91
Q

what ducts are lined by CT?

A

extralobular ducts

92
Q

what are some characteristic of enamel?

A

acellular 96-98% inorganic, only organic material = enamelin

93
Q

what covers dentin? (more superficial)

A

enamel or cementem

95
Q

what cells produce IgA in the salivary gland?

A

plasma cells

96
Q

what papillae are associated with ebner’s glands

A

circumvallate + folliate

97
Q

what antimicrobial agents do serous cells produce?

A

cyastin hyastin lysozyme

98
Q

how does the oral cavity provide immunological protection?

A

lymphatic tissue and secretory IgA

99
Q

where is the secretory product of salivary glands modified to form saliva?

A

intercalated ducts and striated ducts

101
Q

what are the 5 tastes?

A

salt, sweet, sour, umami, sour

102
Q

where are excretory ducts located?

A

extralobular (in CT)

103
Q

what material covers the pulp cavity?

A

dentin

104
Q

what is the function of peridontal ligament?

A

helps attach tooth to the bone; serves as suspensory ligament and prevents crushing of soft tissue near apex of tooth (near apical foramen)

105
Q

can cementum be laid down throughout life? if yes, how?

A

yes, appositional growth

106
Q

what are the two divisions of the oral cavity?

A

1.Vestibule = between lips, cheeks, and teeth 2. space behind the teeth and bounded superiorly by hard and soft palates, posteriorly by oropharynx

107
Q

what is lamina propria?

A

layer of loose CT with blood vessels and nerves that underly the epithelium of oral mucosa

108
Q

what are stromal papillae? where are they found?

A

keratinized epithelium with finger-like connective tissue projections from the lamina propria ; in the vermilion of the lip

109
Q

are striated ducts eosinophilic or basophilic? why?

A

esoinophilic.. have lots of mitocondria to pump ions (saliva is modified

110
Q

is there adipose tissue present in the submandibular gland?

A

not as prevalent as in parotid

111
Q

is there adipose tissue present in the sublingual gland?

A

not very prevalent

112
Q

what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the parotid gland?

A

large conspicuous

113
Q

what part of the tooth extends above the gums?

A

clinical crown (part of the anatomical crown)

114
Q

How do intralobular ducts modify salivary fluid?

A

secrete HCO3 (bicarb) and K + into the fluid to resorb (save) Na and Cl out of the fluid

115
Q

where is special mucosa found? what type of epithelia?

A

on the dorsal surface of the tongue ONLY; keratinized with papillae and taste buds

116
Q

what is the function of the von Ebner glands? and their secretion into the “circumvallate moat”

A
  1. flush material from moat to enable the taste buds to respond rapidly to changing stimuli 2. secrete lingual lipase to begin the process of lipid hyrolysis

Embryology (16 decks)

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