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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

MOUTH

A

The oral fissure, between the lips, is the entry to the mouth. The oral cavity is bounded laterally by the cheeks and extends posteriorly to the oropharyngeal isthmus.

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2
Q

Regions of oral cavity

A
  • Vestibule – space between the lips/cheeks and the upper and lower alveolar ridges/teeth
  • Oral cavity proper –area “medial” to the alveolar ridge/teeth
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3
Q

Buccinator

A
  • Muscle of the cheek (muscle of facial expression)
  • Prevents food from accumulating in the vestibule by compressing the check against the teeth and gums. Together with the tongue, it keeps food between the teeth during mastication
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4
Q

Parotid Papilla

A

The parotid duct pierces the buccinator to drain into the vestibule opposite the maxillary (upper jaw) second molar tooth. The site of drainage is called the Parotid papilla.

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5
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

A midline fold of mucosa going from the floor of the mouth to the inferior surface of the tongue near its base

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6
Q

Sublingual papilla (caruncle)

A

Opening of the submandibular salivary duct on each side of the lingual frenulum

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7
Q

Sublingual folds

A

Mucosa overlying the sublingual glands and submandibular ducts; extends posterolaterally from the sublingual papilla

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8
Q

Muscles of the floor of the Mouth

A
  • Mylohoid

* Geniohyoid

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9
Q

Submandibular gland

A

It has a superfcicial part in the digastric triangle and a smaller deep portion within the oral cavity.
The submandibular duct passes anteriorly beneath the mucosa of the oral cavity to empty into the sublingual papilla, just lateral tot he frenulum of the tongue

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10
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Rests upon the mylohyoid muscle and numerous small excretory ducts drain onto the summit of the sublingual fold

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Head

A

Preganglionic —> Ganglion –> Postganglionic
• CN III –> Ciliary –> CN V1 branch
• CN VII –> Pterygopalatine –> CN V2 branch
• CN VII –> Submandibular –> CN V3 branch
• CN IX –> Otic –> CN V3 branch

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12
Q

Parasympathetic (secretomotor) Innervation of Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons travel in the Chorda Tympani nerve (branch of CN VII).
  • These neurons join the Lingual nerve (branch of V3) to reach the submandibular ganglion.
  • Preganglionic fibres synapse in the submandibular ganglion.
  • Postganglionic travel to the glands in the Lingual nerve
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13
Q

Sympathetic (vasomotor) Innervation of Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

A
  • Sympathetic neurons synapse in the Superior Cervical ganglion
  • Sympathetic neuron then travel on branches of the External carotid artery: Lingual and Facial arteries
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14
Q

Minor Salivary Glands

A
  • Labial
  • Buccal
  • Molar
  • Palatine
  • Lingual
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15
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of Salivary glands in Oral Cavity - ( Superior Half)

A

Glands in the Superior half of the oral cavity receive their parasympathetic innervation from nerves that synapse in the Pterygopalatine ganglion

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16
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of Salivary glands in Oral Cavity - ( Inferior Half)

A

Glands in the Inferior half of the oral cavity receive their parasympathetic innervation from nerves that synapse in the Submandibular ganglion

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17
Q

Summary of Parasympathetic Innervation of Salivary glands

A

Preganglionic —> Ganglion –> Postganglionic
• CN VII (Greater petrosal; nerve of pterygoid canal) –> Pterygopalatine –> CN V2 branch –> Minor salivary glands of superior oral cavity

  • CN VII (chorda tympani, lingual nerve of V3) –> Submandibular –> CN V3 branch –> Submandibular gland, Sublingual gland, Minor salivary glands of inferior oral cavity
  • CN IX (tympanic nerve, lesser petrosal nerve) –> Otic –> CN V3 branch –> Parotid gland
18
Q

Teeth

A

The crown of a tooth projects above the gingiva and is separated from the root by a constricting neck. The root is inserted into the bony socket (alveolus) of the alveolar ridge of either the maxilla or mandible
by an immovable gomphosis joint. Teeth have a labial/buccal surface facing the lip or cheek and a lingual surface facing the tongue.
Periodontal ligaments support the teeth in the alveolar socket and provide sensory information about tooth position and the forces acting on the teeth

19
Q

Sets of teeth

A

There are two sets of teeth
• Deciduous - 20 teeth
• Permanent 32 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars in each quadrant

20
Q

Nerve supply to the teeth

A

Nerve supply to the teeth comes from branches of the trigeminal (CN V) nerve:
• maxillary (CN V2) nerve gives the superior alveolar
nerves (posterior, middle and anterior). The latter two branches come from the infraorbital nerve.
• mandibular nerve (CN V3) gives the inferior alveolar
nerve

21
Q

Blood supply to the teeth

A

Blood supply to the teeth is via the maxillary artery.
• upper jaw (maxilla)
• posterior superior alveolar artery directly off the
maxillary artery
• anterior superior alveolar artery a branch of the
infraorbital artery.
• lower jaw (mandible)
• inferior alveolar artery

22
Q

Functions of the Tongue

A

The tongue functions in:
• taste
• speech
• mastication
• deglutition
• absorption of medications: Deep lingual veins visible near the tip of the tongue just beneath the mucous membrane absorb certain sublingual
medications directly into the venous system.

23
Q

Foramen cecum

A

The dorsum of the tongue has a median sulcus that divides it into lateral halves.
This terminates posteriorly in a pit, the foramen cecum, (embryologic origin of the thyroglossal duct).

24
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

It is the sulcus terminalis which separates the
• anterior two-thirds (oral portion) of the tongue (apex & body) from the
• posterior one-third (pharyngeal portion) of the tongue

25
Q

Lingual papillae

A

The dorsal surface of the oral portion of the tongue has mucosal projections called lingual papillae.
These have characteristic roughness and increase surface area.
Three of the four types of papillae have taste buds:
• fungiform
• Foliate
• vallate
• filiform papillae do not.

26
Q

Muscles that manipulate the tongue

A

There are 8 muscles which manipulate the tongue; 4 Intrinsic Tongue muscles and 4 Extrinsic muscles.
All 8 muscles are innervated by the Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) except the Palatoglossus which is innervated by the Vagus (CN X)

27
Q

Intrinsic Tongue muscles

A 
Allows for great mobility and alteration of shape that is important in deglutition and speech:
• inferior longitudinal
• superior longitudinal
• transverse
• vertical
28
Q

Extrinsic Tongue muscles

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
29
Q

Innervation of the Tongue

General Sensation

A
  • Anterior 2/3: Lingual branch of Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

* Posterior 1/3: Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

30
Q

Innervation of the Tongue

Taste Buds

A
  • Anterior 2/3: Lingual branch of Mandibular nerve (CN V3) to Chorda Tympani to Facial Nerve
  • Posterior 1/3: Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
31
Q

Innervation of the Tongue

Motor

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except the Palatoglossus which is innervated by the Vagus (CN X)

32
Q

Blood supply to the tongue

A

The Lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, is the main blood supply to the floor of the mouth and the tongue.

33
Q

Deep lingual veins

A

Deep Lingual veins can be utilized to absorb sublingual medication directly into the venous system. They are visible near the tip of the tongue just beneath the mucous membrane.

34
Q

Palate

A

Composed of:
• Hard Palate: Partition between oral and nasal cavities
• Soft palate: Closes off oropharynx and nasopharynx during swallowing

35
Q

Hard Palate

A

Composed of:
• palatine processes of the maxillary bones
• horizontal plates of the palatine bones

36
Q

Openings of Hard Palate

A

• incisive foramen & canal – a passageway between
the nasal cavities and the oral cavity located behind the incisor teeth in the palatine process of the maxilla.
• greater & lesser palatine canals and foramina - a
passageway between the pterygopalatine fossa and the hard and soft palates

37
Q

Soft Palate

A

It is composed of four paired muscles and one unpaired muscle:
• Tensor veli palatini (changes soft palate direction)
• Levator veli palatini (elevates soft palate)
• Palatoglossus (depress soft palate)
• Palatopharyngeus (depress soft palate)
• Musculus uvulae (unpaired)

38
Q

Blood supply to the Palate

A

Blood supply to the Palate is from the Descending Palatine branch of the Maxillary artery

39
Q

Descending Palatine artery

A

The Descending Palatine artery has two branches:
• Greater palatine artery: travels through greater palatine canal to supply the hard palate
• Lesser palatine artery: travels through lesser palatine canal to supply the soft palate

40
Q

Greater palatine artery / nerve

A

Greater palatine artery / nerve provide blood and innervation to the gums, mucosa and glands of the hard palate
The artery anastamoses with branches of the sphenopalatine artery in the region of the incisive canal

41
Q

Lesser palatine artery / nerve

A

Lesser palatine artery / nerve provide blood and innervation to the soft palate

42
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve

A

It travels through the incisive canal from the nasal cavity to innervate a small area of the palate just posterior to the incisor teeth.

Anatomy Quiz 4 (5 decks)

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